OWL Ontology Reference

This page documents the complete OWL ontology for the semantic web component of the shipping system. The ontology is defined in svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl and provides RDF/OWL representations of shipment data.

Ontology Metadata

IRI: http://www.encomiendas.com/ontologia#
Prefix: enc:
Label: “Ontología de Envíos y Encomiendas” (Spanish)
Description: OWL ontology for managing shipments and packages between branch offices
Source: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:10

Namespaces

@prefix enc:  <http://www.encomiendas.com/ontologia#> .
@prefix owl:  <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdf:  <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:  <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

OWL Classes

Core Classes

enc:Cliente

Type: owl:Class
Label: “Cliente” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:18Description: Natural person acting as sender of a shipment.Disjoint With: enc:Envio, enc:Sucursal, enc:Encomienda

A resource cannot be both a Cliente and any other main class simultaneously.

enc:Envio

Type: owl:Class
Label: “Envío” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:22Description: Transport of a package from origin branch to destination branch.Disjoint With: enc:Cliente, enc:Sucursal, enc:EncomiendaSubclasses:

enc:EnvioUrgente
enc:EnvioFragil
enc:EnvioPesado

enc:Encomienda

Type: owl:Class
Label: “Encomienda” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:26Description: Physical package or parcel that is part of a shipment.Disjoint With: enc:Cliente, enc:Envio, enc:Sucursal

enc:Sucursal

Type: owl:Class
Label: “Sucursal” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:30Description: Physical branch office where packages are received and delivered.Disjoint With: enc:Cliente, enc:Envio, enc:Encomienda

Envio Subclasses

enc:EnvioUrgente

Type: owl:Class
Label: “Envío Urgente” (es)
Subclass Of: enc:Envio
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:35Description: Shipment with immediate delivery priority.

Use this classification for time-sensitive packages requiring expedited handling.

enc:EnvioFragil

Type: owl:Class
Label: “Envío Frágil” (es)
Subclass Of: enc:Envio
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:40Description: Shipment containing delicate objects requiring special handling.

Mark shipments as fragile to ensure proper care during transport.

enc:EnvioPesado

Type: owl:Class
Label: “Envío Pesado” (es)
Subclass Of: enc:Envio
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:45Description: Shipment with weight exceeding 20kg, requiring special transport.

Heavy shipments may require additional handling equipment and special vehicles.

Object Properties

Object properties define relationships between resources.

enc:realizaEnvio

Type: owl:ObjectProperty
Label: “realiza envío” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:62Domain: enc:Cliente
Range: enc:Envio
Inverse Of: enc:esRealizadoPorDescription: Relationship between a sending customer and their shipment.Usage:

:cliente001 enc:realizaEnvio :envio123 .

enc:esRealizadoPor

Type: owl:ObjectProperty
Label: “es realizado por” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:68Domain: enc:Envio
Range: enc:Cliente
Inverse Of: enc:realizaEnvioDescription: Inferred inverse - the shipment belongs to a sending customer.

This property is automatically inferred by OWL reasoners when enc:realizaEnvio is asserted.

Datatype Properties

Datatype properties define literal attributes of resources.

Cliente Properties

enc:tieneNombre

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “tiene nombre” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:79Domain: enc:Cliente
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Full name of the customer/sender.Example:

:cliente001 enc:tieneNombre "Juan Pérez García" .

enc:tieneDni

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty
Label: “tiene DNI” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:85Domain: enc:Cliente
Range: xsd:stringDescription: National Identity Document number (8 digits, unique).

This is a Functional Property - each Cliente can have only ONE DNI value.

Example:

:cliente001 enc:tieneDni "12345678" .

enc:tieneTelefono

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “tiene teléfono” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:91Domain: enc:Cliente
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Customer contact phone number (9 digits).Example:

:cliente001 enc:tieneTelefono "987654321" .

enc:tieneCorreo

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “tiene correo” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:97Domain: enc:Cliente
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Customer email address.Example:

:cliente001 enc:tieneCorreo "[email protected]" .

Envio Properties - Core

enc:codigoSeguimiento

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty
Label: “código de seguimiento” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:107Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Unique tracking code. Format: ENV-.

Functional property - one shipment has exactly one tracking code.

Example:

:envio123 enc:codigoSeguimiento "ENV-1678901234567" .

enc:tieneEstado

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty, owl:FunctionalProperty
Label: “tiene estado” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:113Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Current shipment status.Valid Values:

PENDIENTE - Registered, awaiting dispatch
EN_TRANSITO - In transit to destination
DISPONIBLE - Available for pickup
ENTREGADO - Delivered
CANCELADO - Cancelled

Example:

:envio123 enc:tieneEstado "EN_TRANSITO" .

enc:fechaEnvio

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “fecha de envío” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:119Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Date and time when shipment was registered.Example:

:envio123 enc:fechaEnvio "2026-03-09T10:30:00" .

enc:fechaEntrega

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “fecha de entrega” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:125Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Date and time when package was delivered to recipient.Example:

:envio123 enc:fechaEntrega "2026-03-11T14:20:00" .

enc:tienePrecio

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “tiene precio” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:131Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Total cost of shipping service in soles (S/).

Currently stored as string. Consider using xsd:decimal for calculations.

Example:

:envio123 enc:tienePrecio "45.50" .

Envio Properties - Transport

enc:placaVehiculo

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “placa de vehículo” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:137Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: License plate of vehicle assigned to transport the shipment.Example:

:envio123 enc:placaVehiculo "ABC-123" .

enc:transportadoPor

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “transportado por” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:143Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Name of driver or company responsible for transport.Example:

:envio123 enc:transportadoPor "Transportes Rápidos SAC" .

Envio Properties - Recipient

enc:nombreDestinatario

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “nombre del destinatario” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:150Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Full name of person who will receive the package.Example:

:envio123 enc:nombreDestinatario "María López Ruiz" .

enc:dniDestinatario

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “DNI del destinatario” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:156Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Identity document of person picking up package.Example:

:envio123 enc:dniDestinatario "87654321" .

Envio Properties - Locations

enc:origenEn

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “ciudad de origen” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:163Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: City from which shipment is dispatched.Example:

:envio123 enc:origenEn "Lima" .

enc:destinoEn

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “ciudad de destino” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:169Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: City to which shipment is going.Example:

:envio123 enc:destinoEn "Arequipa" .

enc:sucursalOrigen

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “sucursal de origen” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:175Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Name of branch from which shipment is dispatched.Example:

:envio123 enc:sucursalOrigen "Lima Centro" .

enc:entregarEnSucursal

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “sucursal de destino” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:181Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Name of branch where recipient will pick up package.Example:

:envio123 enc:entregarEnSucursal "Arequipa Norte" .

Envio Properties - Package Details

enc:contienePaquete

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “contiene paquete” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:188Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Description of package contents.Example:

:envio123 enc:contienePaquete "Documentos legales" .

enc:tienePesoKg

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “tiene peso (kg)” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:194Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:decimalDescription: Package weight in kilograms.

This property uses xsd:decimal for precise numeric representation.

Example:

:envio123 enc:tienePesoKg "5.75"^^xsd:decimal .

enc:tieneDimensiones

Type: owl:DatatypeProperty
Label: “tiene dimensiones” (es)
Location: svc-web-semantica/src/main/resources/encomiendas.ttl:200Domain: enc:Envio
Range: xsd:stringDescription: Package dimensions in format LxWxH (cm). Example: “10x20x30”.Example:

:envio123 enc:tieneDimensiones "25x35x15" .

Complete Example

Here’s a complete RDF representation of a shipment:

@prefix enc: <http://www.encomiendas.com/ontologia#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .

# Customer (Sender)
:cliente001 a enc:Cliente ;
    enc:tieneNombre "Juan Pérez García" ;
    enc:tieneDni "12345678" ;
    enc:tieneTelefono "987654321" ;
    enc:tieneCorreo "[email protected]" ;
    enc:realizaEnvio :envio123 .

# Shipment
:envio123 a enc:EnvioFragil ;
    enc:codigoSeguimiento "ENV-1678901234567" ;
    enc:tieneEstado "EN_TRANSITO" ;
    enc:fechaEnvio "2026-03-09T10:30:00" ;
    enc:tienePrecio "45.50" ;
    enc:nombreDestinatario "María López Ruiz" ;
    enc:dniDestinatario "87654321" ;
    enc:origenEn "Lima" ;
    enc:destinoEn "Arequipa" ;
    enc:sucursalOrigen "Lima Centro" ;
    enc:entregarEnSucursal "Arequipa Norte" ;
    enc:contienePaquete "Artículos de vidrio" ;
    enc:tienePesoKg "3.5"^^xsd:decimal ;
    enc:tieneDimensiones "20x30x15" ;
    enc:placaVehiculo "ABC-123" ;
    enc:esRealizadoPor :cliente001 .

Disjointness Axioms

The ontology declares the following classes as mutually disjoint:

enc:Cliente   owl:disjointWith enc:Envio .
enc:Cliente   owl:disjointWith enc:Sucursal .
enc:Cliente   owl:disjointWith enc:Encomienda .
enc:Envio     owl:disjointWith enc:Sucursal .
enc:Envio     owl:disjointWith enc:Encomienda .
enc:Sucursal  owl:disjointWith enc:Encomienda .

OWL reasoners will detect inconsistencies if a resource is asserted to be an instance of two disjoint classes.

Usage in SPARQL Queries

Example queries using this ontology:

Find all shipments by a customer

PREFIX enc: <http://www.encomiendas.com/ontologia#>

SELECT ?envio ?codigo ?estado
WHERE {
  ?cliente enc:tieneDni "12345678" ;
           enc:realizaEnvio ?envio .
  ?envio enc:codigoSeguimiento ?codigo ;
         enc:tieneEstado ?estado .
}

Find all urgent shipments in transit

PREFIX enc: <http://www.encomiendas.com/ontologia#>

SELECT ?envio ?codigo ?destino
WHERE {
  ?envio a enc:EnvioUrgente ;
         enc:tieneEstado "EN_TRANSITO" ;
         enc:codigoSeguimiento ?codigo ;
         enc:destinoEn ?destino .
}

Find heavy shipments (>20kg)

PREFIX enc: <http://www.encomiendas.com/ontologia#>
PREFIX xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#>

SELECT ?envio ?peso
WHERE {
  ?envio enc:tienePesoKg ?peso .
  FILTER (?peso > "20.0"^^xsd:decimal)
}

The semantic web service exposes a SPARQL endpoint at the /api/v1/grafo path for querying the RDF graph.

Additional Resources

OWL Ontology Reference

OWL Ontology Reference

Ontology Metadata

Namespaces

OWL Classes

Core Classes

Envio Subclasses

Object Properties

Datatype Properties

Cliente Properties

Envio Properties - Core

Envio Properties - Transport

Envio Properties - Recipient

Envio Properties - Locations

Envio Properties - Package Details

Complete Example

Disjointness Axioms

Usage in SPARQL Queries

Find all shipments by a customer

Find all urgent shipments in transit

Find heavy shipments (>20kg)

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Additional Resources

​OWL Ontology Reference

​Ontology Metadata

​Namespaces

​OWL Classes

​Core Classes

​Envio Subclasses

​Object Properties

​Datatype Properties

​Cliente Properties

​Envio Properties - Core

​Envio Properties - Transport

​Envio Properties - Recipient

​Envio Properties - Locations

​Envio Properties - Package Details

​Complete Example

​Disjointness Axioms

​Usage in SPARQL Queries

​Find all shipments by a customer

​Find all urgent shipments in transit

​Find heavy shipments (>20kg)

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

OWL Ontology Reference

Ontology Metadata

Namespaces

OWL Classes

Core Classes

Envio Subclasses

Object Properties

Datatype Properties

Cliente Properties

Envio Properties - Core

Envio Properties - Transport

Envio Properties - Recipient

Envio Properties - Locations

Envio Properties - Package Details

Complete Example

Disjointness Axioms

Usage in SPARQL Queries

Find all shipments by a customer

Find all urgent shipments in transit

Find heavy shipments (>20kg)