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Overview

The Notificacion model stores user notifications that are delivered via WebSocket connections for real-time updates.

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Notificacion Model

Stores notification messages for users with read/unread status.

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Fields

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usuario
ForeignKey
required
Reference to Django User model (CASCADE on delete). The user who receives this notification.
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mensaje
TextField
required
The notification message content
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leida
BooleanField
Whether the notification has been read. Default: False
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fecha
DateTimeField
When the notification was created. Auto-set on creation.

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String Representation

def __str__(self):
    return f"{self.usuario.username} - {self.mensaje}"

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Usage Examples

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Create Notification

from notifications.models import Notificacion
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

user = User.objects.get(username='maria')

# Create notification
notificacion = Notificacion.objects.create(
    usuario=user,
    mensaje='Nuevo pedido asignado a mesa 5'
)

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Query Notifications

from notifications.models import Notificacion

# Get unread notifications for user
unread = Notificacion.objects.filter(
    usuario=request.user,
    leida=False
).order_by('-fecha')

# Get all notifications
all_notifications = Notificacion.objects.filter(
    usuario=request.user
).order_by('-fecha')

# Count unread
unread_count = Notificacion.objects.filter(
    usuario=request.user,
    leida=False
).count()

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Mark as Read

# Mark single notification as read
notification = Notificacion.objects.get(id=notification_id)
notification.leida = True
notification.save()

# Mark all as read for user
Notificacion.objects.filter(
    usuario=request.user,
    leida=False
).update(leida=True)

# Mark specific notifications as read
notification_ids = [1, 2, 3]
Notificacion.objects.filter(
    id__in=notification_ids,
    usuario=request.user
).update(leida=True)

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Delete Old Notifications

from django.utils import timezone
from datetime import timedelta

# Delete notifications older than 30 days
thirty_days_ago = timezone.now() - timedelta(days=30)
Notificacion.objects.filter(
    fecha__lt=thirty_days_ago
).delete()

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Helper Function

The notifications app provides a helper function for sending notifications:
notifications/utils.py
from notifications.models import Notificacion
from channels.layers import get_channel_layer
from asgiref.sync import async_to_sync

def notificar_usuario(usuario, mensaje):
    """
    Send notification to user via database and WebSocket
    
    Args:
        usuario: User instance
        mensaje: Notification message string
    """
    # Save to database
    notificacion = Notificacion.objects.create(
        usuario=usuario,
        mensaje=mensaje
    )
    
    # Send via WebSocket
    channel_layer = get_channel_layer()
    async_to_sync(channel_layer.group_send)(
        f'user_{usuario.id}',
        {
            'type': 'notificacion_mensaje',
            'message': mensaje
        }
    )
    
    return notificacion
Usage: 
from notifications.utils import notificar_usuario
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

user = User.objects.get(username='maria')
notificar_usuario(user, 'Tu pedido ha sido confirmado')

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Common Use Cases

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Order Status Updates

from notifications.utils import notificar_usuario
from tables.models import Pedido

pedido = Pedido.objects.get(id=pedido_id)

# Notify all users associated with the order
for user in pedido.usuarios.all():
    notificar_usuario(
        user,
        f'Pedido #{pedido.id} actualizado a estado: {pedido.get_estado_display()}'
    )

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Low Stock Alerts

from products.models import Producto
from notifications.utils import notificar_usuario
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

# Check for low stock
low_stock_products = Producto.objects.filter(stock__lt=10, activo=True)

if low_stock_products.exists():
    # Notify administrators
    admins = User.objects.filter(is_staff=True)
    
    for admin in admins:
        for producto in low_stock_products:
            notificar_usuario(
                admin,
                f'Alerta: Stock bajo para {producto.nombre} (quedan {producto.stock} unidades)'
            )

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Expense Approval

from expenses.models import Expense
from notifications.utils import notificar_usuario

expense = Expense.objects.get(id=expense_id)

# Notify managers for approval
managers = User.objects.filter(userprofile__rol__nombre='Gerente')

for manager in managers:
    notificar_usuario(
        manager,
        f'Nuevo gasto registrado: ${expense.amount} en {expense.category.name}'
    )

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REST API Endpoints

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Get Notifications

GET /notifications/api/list/
Returns JSON list of user’s notifications: 
{
  "notifications": [
    {
      "id": 1,
      "mensaje": "Nuevo pedido asignado",
      "leida": false,
      "fecha": "2025-03-06T10:30:00Z"
    }
  ],
  "unread_count": 5
}

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Mark as Read

POST /notifications/api/mark-read/
Content-Type: application/json

{
  "ids": [1, 2, 3]  // Empty array marks all as read
}

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WebSocket Integration

Notifications are delivered in real-time via WebSocket. See the Notifications Documentation for complete WebSocket setup and frontend integration. WebSocket URL: 
ws://localhost:8000/ws/notificaciones/

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Database Queries Performance

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Optimize Notification Queries

# Use select_related for user info
notifications = Notificacion.objects.filter(
    leida=False
).select_related('usuario').order_by('-fecha')

# Pagination for large result sets
from django.core.paginator import Paginator

all_notifications = Notificacion.objects.filter(
    usuario=request.user
).order_by('-fecha')

paginator = Paginator(all_notifications, 20)  # 20 per page
page = paginator.get_page(page_number)

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Create Index for Performance

# In notifications/models.py
class Notificacion(models.Model):
    # ... fields ...
    
    class Meta:
        indexes = [
            models.Index(fields=['usuario', 'leida', '-fecha']),
        ]

Notifications System

Complete WebSocket notification setup

API Overview

REST API endpoints

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