Inventory - Gestión de Ventas

Overview

The inventory management system consists of two main models: InventoryStock for tracking current stock levels and InventoryMovement for recording all inventory transactions.

InventoryStock Model

Tracks current stock quantities for each product in each warehouse. Namespace: App\Models\Inventory\InventoryStock Database Table: inventory_stocks Traits: HasFactory

Properties

warehouse_id

integer

required

Foreign key to the Warehouse model

product_id

integer

required

Foreign key to the Product model

quantity

integer

required

Current quantity in stock

min_stock

integer

Minimum stock level threshold for low stock alerts

Relationships

warehouse()

warehouse

BelongsTo

Returns the warehouse where this stock is located

$stock->warehouse; // Warehouse object
$stock->warehouse->name; // Warehouse name

product()

product

BelongsTo

Returns the product this stock record represents

$stock->product; // Product object
$stock->product->name; // Product name
$stock->product->sku; // Product SKU

Usage Examples

Checking Stock Levels

use App\Models\Inventory\InventoryStock;

// Get stock for a product in a specific warehouse
$stock = InventoryStock::where('product_id', $productId)
    ->where('warehouse_id', $warehouseId)
    ->first();

if ($stock && $stock->quantity > 0) {
    echo "Available: {$stock->quantity}";
} else {
    echo "Out of stock";
}

Low Stock Alerts

// Get all low stock items
$lowStockItems = InventoryStock::whereRaw('quantity <= min_stock')
    ->with(['product', 'warehouse'])
    ->get();

foreach ($lowStockItems as $item) {
    echo "{$item->product->name} is low in {$item->warehouse->name}";
    echo "Current: {$item->quantity}, Minimum: {$item->min_stock}";
}

Stock by Warehouse

// Get all products in a warehouse
$warehouseStock = InventoryStock::where('warehouse_id', $warehouseId)
    ->with('product')
    ->where('quantity', '>', 0)
    ->get();

// Calculate total inventory value
$totalValue = $warehouseStock->sum(function ($stock) {
    return $stock->quantity * $stock->product->cost;
});

InventoryMovement Model

Records all inventory transactions including inputs, outputs, adjustments, and transfers. Namespace: App\Models\Inventory\InventoryMovement Database Table: inventory_movements Traits: SoftDeletes

Properties

warehouse_id

integer

required

Foreign key to the source warehouse

to_warehouse_id

integer

Foreign key to destination warehouse (for transfers only)

product_id

integer

required

Foreign key to the Product model

user_id

integer

required

Foreign key to the User who created the movement

quantity

integer

required

Quantity moved (positive for inputs, negative for outputs)

type

string

required

Movement type: ‘input’, ‘output’, ‘adjustment’, or ‘transfer’

previous_stock

integer

Stock level before this movement (audit trail)

current_stock

integer

Stock level after this movement (audit trail)

description

text

Description or reason for the movement

reference_type

string

Polymorphic type for the related document (Sale, Purchase, etc.)

reference_id

integer

Polymorphic ID for the related document

Constants

const TYPE_INPUT = 'input';
const TYPE_OUTPUT = 'output';
const TYPE_ADJUSTMENT = 'adjustment';
const TYPE_TRANSFER = 'transfer';

Relationships

warehouse()

warehouse

BelongsTo

Returns the source warehouse

$movement->warehouse; // Source Warehouse object

toWarehouse()

toWarehouse

BelongsTo

Returns the destination warehouse (for transfers)

$movement->toWarehouse; // Destination Warehouse object (or null)

user()

user

BelongsTo

Returns the user who created the movement

$movement->user; // User object
$movement->user->name; // User name

product()

product

BelongsTo

Returns the product being moved

$movement->product; // Product object

reference()

reference

MorphTo

Returns the related document (Sale, Purchase, etc.)

$movement->reference; // Could be Sale, Purchase, or other model

Accessors

typeLabel

Returns human-readable label for the movement type.

$movement->typeLabel; // 'Entrada', 'Salida', 'Ajuste', or 'Transferencia'

Scopes

withIndexRelations()

Eager loads all relationships for list views.

InventoryMovement::withIndexRelations()->get();

This scope loads:

warehouse
toWarehouse
user
product
reference

Static Methods

getTypes()

Returns array of movement types with labels.

InventoryMovement::getTypes();
// Returns:
// [
//   'input' => 'Entrada',
//   'output' => 'Salida',
//   'adjustment' => 'Ajuste',
//   'transfer' => 'Transferencia'
// ]

Usage Examples

Recording an Input

use App\Models\Inventory\InventoryMovement;

$movement = InventoryMovement::create([
    'warehouse_id' => $warehouseId,
    'product_id' => $productId,
    'user_id' => auth()->id(),
    'quantity' => 100,
    'type' => InventoryMovement::TYPE_INPUT,
    'previous_stock' => $currentStock,
    'current_stock' => $currentStock + 100,
    'description' => 'Purchase order receipt',
    'reference_type' => 'App\\Models\\Purchases\\Purchase',
    'reference_id' => $purchase->id
]);

Recording an Output (Sale)

$movement = InventoryMovement::create([
    'warehouse_id' => $warehouseId,
    'product_id' => $productId,
    'user_id' => auth()->id(),
    'quantity' => -10, // Negative for outputs
    'type' => InventoryMovement::TYPE_OUTPUT,
    'previous_stock' => $currentStock,
    'current_stock' => $currentStock - 10,
    'description' => 'Sale to customer',
    'reference_type' => 'App\\Models\\Sales\\Sale',
    'reference_id' => $sale->id
]);

Recording a Transfer

$movement = InventoryMovement::create([
    'warehouse_id' => $fromWarehouseId,
    'to_warehouse_id' => $toWarehouseId,
    'product_id' => $productId,
    'user_id' => auth()->id(),
    'quantity' => 50,
    'type' => InventoryMovement::TYPE_TRANSFER,
    'previous_stock' => $currentStock,
    'current_stock' => $currentStock - 50,
    'description' => 'Transfer to branch warehouse'
]);

Recording an Adjustment

// Stock count revealed discrepancy
$expectedStock = 100;
$actualStock = 95;
$adjustment = $actualStock - $expectedStock; // -5

$movement = InventoryMovement::create([
    'warehouse_id' => $warehouseId,
    'product_id' => $productId,
    'user_id' => auth()->id(),
    'quantity' => $adjustment,
    'type' => InventoryMovement::TYPE_ADJUSTMENT,
    'previous_stock' => $expectedStock,
    'current_stock' => $actualStock,
    'description' => 'Physical inventory adjustment - damaged units'
]);

Querying Movement History

// Get all movements for a product
$productHistory = InventoryMovement::where('product_id', $productId)
    ->withIndexRelations()
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
    ->get();

foreach ($productHistory as $movement) {
    echo $movement->typeLabel;
    echo $movement->quantity;
    echo $movement->warehouse->name;
    echo $movement->user->name;
}

Filtering by Movement Type

// Get all inputs this month
$inputs = InventoryMovement::where('type', InventoryMovement::TYPE_INPUT)
    ->whereMonth('created_at', now()->month)
    ->with('product', 'warehouse')
    ->get();

// Get all transfers between specific warehouses
$transfers = InventoryMovement::where('type', InventoryMovement::TYPE_TRANSFER)
    ->where('warehouse_id', $fromWarehouse)
    ->where('to_warehouse_id', $toWarehouse)
    ->get();

Movement Audit Trail

// Get movement history with audit data
$movements = InventoryMovement::where('product_id', $productId)
    ->where('warehouse_id', $warehouseId)
    ->orderBy('created_at', 'desc')
    ->get();

foreach ($movements as $movement) {
    echo "Previous: {$movement->previous_stock}";
    echo "Change: {$movement->quantity}";
    echo "Current: {$movement->current_stock}";
    echo "By: {$movement->user->name}";
    echo "Date: {$movement->created_at}";
}

Movement Reports

// Daily movement summary
$dailySummary = InventoryMovement::whereDate('created_at', today())
    ->selectRaw('type, COUNT(*) as count, SUM(ABS(quantity)) as total_quantity')
    ->groupBy('type')
    ->get();

// Product movement by warehouse
$warehouseMovements = InventoryMovement::where('product_id', $productId)
    ->selectRaw('warehouse_id, type, SUM(quantity) as total')
    ->groupBy('warehouse_id', 'type')
    ->with('warehouse')
    ->get();

// Access the related sale or purchase
if ($movement->reference_type === 'App\\Models\\Sales\\Sale') {
    $sale = $movement->reference; // Polymorphic relationship
    echo "Related to Sale: {$sale->number}";
}

Complete Inventory Flow Example

Receiving Products (Input)

use App\Models\Inventory\InventoryStock;
use App\Models\Inventory\InventoryMovement;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

DB::transaction(function () use ($warehouseId, $productId, $quantity, $purchaseId) {
    // Get or create stock record
    $stock = InventoryStock::firstOrCreate(
        [
            'warehouse_id' => $warehouseId,
            'product_id' => $productId
        ],
        ['quantity' => 0, 'min_stock' => 10]
    );
    
    $previousStock = $stock->quantity;
    $stock->quantity += $quantity;
    $stock->save();
    
    // Record the movement
    InventoryMovement::create([
        'warehouse_id' => $warehouseId,
        'product_id' => $productId,
        'user_id' => auth()->id(),
        'quantity' => $quantity,
        'type' => InventoryMovement::TYPE_INPUT,
        'previous_stock' => $previousStock,
        'current_stock' => $stock->quantity,
        'description' => 'Purchase receipt',
        'reference_type' => 'App\\Models\\Purchases\\Purchase',
        'reference_id' => $purchaseId
    ]);
});

Processing a Sale (Output)

DB::transaction(function () use ($warehouseId, $productId, $quantity, $saleId) {
    $stock = InventoryStock::where('warehouse_id', $warehouseId)
        ->where('product_id', $productId)
        ->firstOrFail();
    
    if ($stock->quantity < $quantity) {
        throw new \Exception('Insufficient stock');
    }
    
    $previousStock = $stock->quantity;
    $stock->quantity -= $quantity;
    $stock->save();
    
    InventoryMovement::create([
        'warehouse_id' => $warehouseId,
        'product_id' => $productId,
        'user_id' => auth()->id(),
        'quantity' => -$quantity,
        'type' => InventoryMovement::TYPE_OUTPUT,
        'previous_stock' => $previousStock,
        'current_stock' => $stock->quantity,
        'description' => 'Sale to customer',
        'reference_type' => 'App\\Models\\Sales\\Sale',
        'reference_id' => $saleId
    ]);
});

Product - Products being tracked
Warehouse - Storage locations
Sale - Sales that reduce inventory
User - Users making movements

Models

Services

Filters

​Overview

​InventoryStock Model

​Properties

​Relationships

​warehouse()

​product()

​Usage Examples

​Checking Stock Levels

​Low Stock Alerts

​Stock by Warehouse

​InventoryMovement Model

​Properties

​Constants

​Relationships

​warehouse()

​toWarehouse()

​user()

​product()

​reference()

​Accessors

​typeLabel

​Scopes

​withIndexRelations()

​Static Methods

​getTypes()

​Usage Examples

​Recording an Input

​Recording an Output (Sale)

​Recording a Transfer

​Recording an Adjustment

​Querying Movement History

​Filtering by Movement Type

​Movement Audit Trail

​Movement Reports

​Related Document Access

​Complete Inventory Flow Example

​Receiving Products (Input)

​Processing a Sale (Output)

​Related Models

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Overview

InventoryStock Model

Properties

Relationships

warehouse()

product()

Usage Examples

Checking Stock Levels

Low Stock Alerts

Stock by Warehouse

InventoryMovement Model

Properties

Constants

Relationships

warehouse()

toWarehouse()

user()

product()

reference()

Accessors

typeLabel

Scopes

withIndexRelations()

Static Methods

getTypes()

Usage Examples

Recording an Input

Recording an Output (Sale)

Recording a Transfer

Recording an Adjustment

Querying Movement History

Filtering by Movement Type

Movement Audit Trail

Movement Reports

Related Document Access

Complete Inventory Flow Example

Receiving Products (Input)

Processing a Sale (Output)

Related Models