Products Module - Gestión de Ventas

Overview

The Products module manages your product catalog with support for categories, units of measure, pricing, cost tracking, and inventory control. It integrates with Sales and Inventory modules for complete product lifecycle management.

Pricing

Sale price and cost tracking

Inventory

Stock tracking integration

Product Structure

Core Fields

app/Models/Products/Product.php

protected $fillable = [
    'category_id',
    'unit_id',
    'name',
    'slug',
    'sku',               // Stock Keeping Unit
    'description',
    'image_path',
    'price',             // Sale price
    'cost',              // Purchase/production cost
    'is_active',
    'is_stockable',      // Track inventory?
];

Product Types

Stockable Products
Non-Stockable Products

Physical products with inventory tracking:

Product::create([
    'name' => 'Laptop Dell Inspiron 15',
    'sku' => 'LAP-DELL-001',
    'category_id' => 1,  // Electronics
    'unit_id' => 1,      // Unit (piece)
    'price' => 899.99,
    'cost' => 650.00,
    'is_stockable' => true,
    'is_active' => true,
]);

Features:

Stock levels tracked in inventory
Low stock alerts
COGS calculated automatically
Multi-warehouse support

Services or products without inventory:

Product::create([
    'name' => 'Technical Support - 1 Hour',
    'sku' => 'SRV-TECH-01',
    'category_id' => 5,  // Services
    'unit_id' => 3,      // Hour
    'price' => 75.00,
    'cost' => 0,
    'is_stockable' => false,
    'is_active' => true,
]);

Use Cases:

Professional services
Digital products
Consultation fees
Warranty extensions

Units of Measure

Define how products are sold:

app/Models/Products/Unit.php

protected $fillable = [
    'name',          // e.g., "Unit", "Box", "Liter"
    'abbreviation',  // e.g., "un", "box", "L"
];

Common Units:

Piece

Individual units (un, pc, ea)

Weight

Kilograms, pounds, grams

Volume

Liters, gallons, ml

Length

Meters, feet, inches

Package

Box, case, pallet

Time

Hour, day, month

Pricing

Sale Price

The price charged to customers:

$product->price = 99.99;

Cost

Your acquisition or production cost:

$product->cost = 65.00;

Margin Calculation

$margin = $product->price - $product->cost;
$marginPercent = ($margin / $product->price) * 100;

echo "Margin: $" . number_format($margin, 2);
echo " (" . number_format($marginPercent, 1) . "%)";

Output: Margin: $34.99 (35.0%)

Formatted Price Display

app/Models/Products/Product.php

public function getFormattedPriceAttribute(): string
{
    $config = general_config();
    $symbol = $config->currency_symbol ?? '$';
    
    return $symbol . ' ' . number_format($this->price, 2);
}

Usage:

echo $product->formatted_price;
// Output: "$ 99.99"

Stock Integration

Total Stock Accessor

app/Models/Products/Product.php

public function getTotalStockAttribute()
{
    return $this->stocks()->sum('quantity');
}

Usage:

$product = Product::find(1);
echo "Available: {$product->total_stock} units";

Stock by Warehouse

$product = Product::with('stocks.warehouse')->find(1);

foreach ($product->stocks as $stock) {
    echo "{$stock->warehouse->name}: {$stock->quantity}\n";
}

Output:

Main Warehouse: 150
Store 1: 25
Store 2: 30

Low Stock Detection

$lowStock = Product::whereHas('stocks', function($q) {
        $q->whereColumn('quantity', '<=', 'min_stock');
    })
    ->with('stocks')
    ->get();

Scopes

Active Products

app/Models/Products/Product.php

public function scopeActivo(Builder $query): Builder
{
    return $query->where('is_active', true);
}

public function scopeInactivo(Builder $query): Builder
{
    return $query->where('is_active', false);
}

Usage:

$activeProducts = Product::activo()->get();
$inactiveProducts = Product::inactivo()->get();

Stockable Products

public function scopeStockable(Builder $query): Builder
{
    return $query->where('is_stockable', true);
}

Usage:

// Products that need inventory tracking
$inventoryProducts = Product::stockable()->get();

Optimized Loading

public function scopeWithIndexRelations(Builder $query): void
{
    $query->with([
        'category:id,name',
        'unit:id,name,abbreviation'
    ]);
}

Usage:

$products = Product::withIndexRelations()
    ->activo()
    ->paginate(50);

Product Queries

Search Products

$search = 'laptop';

$results = Product::where('name', 'like', "%{$search}%")
    ->orWhere('sku', 'like', "%{$search}%")
    ->orWhere('description', 'like', "%{$search}%")
    ->activo()
    ->get();

Products by Category

$category = Category::find(1);

$products = $category->products()
    ->activo()
    ->orderBy('name')
    ->get();

Best Selling Products

$bestSellers = Product::select('products.*')
    ->join('sale_items', 'sale_items.product_id', '=', 'products.id')
    ->join('sales', 'sales.id', '=', 'sale_items.sale_id')
    ->where('sales.status', Sale::STATUS_COMPLETED)
    ->selectRaw('SUM(sale_items.quantity) as total_sold')
    ->groupBy('products.id')
    ->orderByDesc('total_sold')
    ->take(10)
    ->get();

Profitability Analysis

$profitability = Product::select('products.*')
    ->join('sale_items', 'sale_items.product_id', '=', 'products.id')
    ->selectRaw('
        SUM(sale_items.quantity * sale_items.unit_price) as revenue,
        SUM(sale_items.quantity * products.cost) as cost,
        SUM(sale_items.quantity * (sale_items.unit_price - products.cost)) as profit
    ')
    ->groupBy('products.id')
    ->orderByDesc('profit')
    ->get();

Product Management

Creating Products

Define Basic Info

$product = new Product();
$product->name = 'Wireless Mouse';
$product->sku = 'ACC-MOUSE-001';
$product->description = 'Ergonomic wireless mouse with USB receiver';

Set Category & Unit

$product->category_id = 3;  // Accessories
$product->unit_id = 1;      // Unit

Configure Pricing

$product->cost = 12.50;
$product->price = 24.99;

Set Inventory Options

$product->is_stockable = true;
$product->is_active = true;
$product->save();

Initialize Stock (if stockable)

if ($product->is_stockable) {
    InventoryStock::create([
        'product_id' => $product->id,
        'warehouse_id' => 1,
        'quantity' => 100,
        'min_stock' => 10,
    ]);
}

Updating Products

$product = Product::find(1);

// Update price
$product->price = 27.99;

// Deactivate
$product->is_active = false;

$product->save();

Changing a product’s cost does not retroactively update historical sales. Only future sales will use the new cost.

Bulk Operations

// Activate multiple products
Product::whereIn('id', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
    ->update(['is_active' => true]);

// Price increase by category
Product::where('category_id', 2)
    ->increment('price', 5.00);

// Percentage increase
Product::where('category_id', 3)
    ->update(['price' => DB::raw('price * 1.10')]);

Product Images

Store product images for display:

// Upload and store
$path = $request->file('image')->store('products', 'public');

$product->image_path = $path;
$product->save();

Display:

@if($product->image_path)
    <img src="{{ asset('storage/' . $product->image_path) }}" 
         alt="{{ $product->name }}">
@else
    <img src="{{ asset('images/no-product.png') }}" 
         alt="No image">
@endif

SKU Management

Stock Keeping Units (SKU) uniquely identify products: Best Practices:

Use Meaningful Codes

LAP-DELL-001  (Laptop, Dell, sequence)
ACC-MOUSE-WL  (Accessory, Mouse, Wireless)
SRV-TECH-01   (Service, Technical, sequence)

Keep SKUs Unique

// Validation rule
'sku' => 'required|unique:products,sku'

Use Consistent Format

Choose a format and stick to it:

CAT-DESC-###
###-CAT-DESC
CATDESC###

Consider Variations

For product variants:

SHIRT-RED-S   (Red shirt, size S)
SHIRT-RED-M   (Red shirt, size M)
SHIRT-BLU-S   (Blue shirt, size S)

Reporting

Product List

$products = Product::withIndexRelations()
    ->activo()
    ->orderBy('name')
    ->get();

Stock Value Report

$stockValue = Product::join('inventory_stocks', 'inventory_stocks.product_id', '=', 'products.id')
    ->selectRaw('
        products.*,
        SUM(inventory_stocks.quantity) as total_quantity,
        SUM(inventory_stocks.quantity * products.cost) as total_value
    ')
    ->groupBy('products.id')
    ->get();

Sales by Product

$salesReport = Product::join('sale_items', 'sale_items.product_id', '=', 'products.id')
    ->join('sales', 'sales.id', '=', 'sale_items.sale_id')
    ->where('sales.status', Sale::STATUS_COMPLETED)
    ->whereBetween('sales.sale_date', [$startDate, $endDate])
    ->selectRaw('
        products.name,
        SUM(sale_items.quantity) as units_sold,
        SUM(sale_items.subtotal) as revenue
    ')
    ->groupBy('products.id')
    ->orderByDesc('revenue')
    ->get();

Best Practices

Regular Price Reviews

Periodically review costs and prices:

// Products with low margins
$lowMargin = Product::whereRaw('(price - cost) / price < 0.20')
    ->get();

Maintain Active Status

Deactivate discontinued products instead of deleting:

$product->is_active = false;
$product->save();

This preserves historical sales data.

Use Stockable Flag Correctly

Services should be non-stockable:

if ($product->is_stockable && $product->category->name === 'Services') {
    // Flag potential configuration error
}

Set Minimum Stock Levels

For stockable products, configure low stock alerts:

InventoryStock::where('product_id', $productId)
    ->update(['min_stock' => 10]);

Inventory Module

Stock tracking integration

Sales Module

Selling products

Product Model API

Model reference

Catalog Services

Product catalog implementation

Get Started

Core Concepts

Modules

Features

Development

​Overview

Categories

Pricing

Inventory

​Product Structure

​Core Fields

​Product Types

​Categories

​Units of Measure

Piece

Weight

Volume

Length

Package

Time

​Pricing

​Sale Price

​Cost

​Margin Calculation

​Formatted Price Display

​Stock Integration

​Total Stock Accessor

​Stock by Warehouse

​Low Stock Detection

​Scopes

​Active Products

​Stockable Products

​Optimized Loading

​Product Queries

​Search Products

​Products by Category

​Best Selling Products

​Profitability Analysis

​Product Management

​Creating Products

​Updating Products

​Bulk Operations

​Product Images

​SKU Management

​Reporting

​Product List

​Stock Value Report

​Sales by Product

​Best Practices

​Related Documentation

Inventory Module

Sales Module

Product Model API

Catalog Services

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Overview

Product Structure

Core Fields

Product Types

Categories

Units of Measure

Pricing

Sale Price

Cost

Margin Calculation

Formatted Price Display

Stock Integration

Total Stock Accessor

Stock by Warehouse

Low Stock Detection

Scopes

Active Products

Stockable Products

Optimized Loading

Product Queries

Search Products

Products by Category

Best Selling Products

Profitability Analysis

Product Management

Creating Products

Updating Products

Bulk Operations

Product Images

SKU Management

Reporting

Product List

Stock Value Report

Sales by Product

Best Practices

Related Documentation