Architecture

Overview

OpenClaw Mission Control is the centralized operations and governance platform for running OpenClaw across teams and organizations. It provides unified visibility, approval controls, and gateway-aware orchestration through a modern web UI and REST API.

Technology Stack

Layer	Technology	Version
Backend API	FastAPI + SQLModel	Python 3.12
ORM	SQLAlchemy async + psycopg	2.0 / 3.3
Database	PostgreSQL	16
Migrations	Alembic	1.18
Job Queue	Redis + RQ	7 / 2.6
Templates	Jinja2	3.1
Frontend	Next.js App Router	16 (Turbopack)
UI	React 19 + TypeScript	—
Styles	Tailwind CSS	—
API Client	Orval (generated)	—
Auth	Local bearer token or Clerk JWT	—

System Architecture

┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                         Frontend                              │
│          Next.js 16 + React 19 + TypeScript                  │
│                    (Port 3000)                                │
└───────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────┘
                    │ REST API (JSON)
                    │ Authorization: Bearer token
┌───────────────────▼──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     Backend API                               │
│                 FastAPI (Port 8000)                           │
│  ┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │  API Routes (/api/v1)                                │   │
│  │  • /auth, /users, /organizations                     │   │
│  │  • /boards, /tasks, /agents                          │   │
│  │  • /gateways, /approvals, /activity                  │   │
│  └──────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                     │                                         │
│  ┌──────────────────▼───────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │  Service Layer                                        │   │
│  │  • openclaw/provisioning.py                          │   │
│  │  • openclaw/admin_service.py                         │   │
│  │  • webhooks/dispatch.py                              │   │
│  │  • activity_log.py                                   │   │
│  └──────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘   │
│                     │                                         │
│  ┌──────────────────▼───────────────────────────────────┐   │
│  │  Data Models (SQLModel + SQLAlchemy)                 │   │
│  │  organizations, boards, tasks, agents, gateways      │   │
│  └──────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┘   │
└────────────────────┬┼──────────────────────────────────────┘
                     ││
         ┌───────────┘└──────────────┐
         │                            │
  ┌──────▼─────────┐          ┌──────▼──────────┐
  │   PostgreSQL   │          │  Redis + RQ      │
  │   (Port 5432)  │          │  (Port 6379)     │
  │                │          │  Background jobs │
  └────────────────┘          └──────────────────┘
                     │
                     │ WebSocket RPC (Port 18789)
                     │
  ┌──────────────────▼──────────────────────────┐
  │        OpenClaw Gateway                     │
  │                                              │
  │  • Agent provisioning and lifecycle         │
  │  • Session management                       │
  │  • File operations (TOOLS.md, templates)    │
  │  • Runtime coordination                     │
  └──────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Core Components

Frontend (Next.js)

The frontend is a modern Next.js 16 application using:

App Router for file-based routing
React 19 with TypeScript for type safety
Tailwind CSS for styling
Orval-generated client for type-safe API calls
React Query for data fetching and caching

Key routes:

/boards - Board and task management
/agents - Agent lifecycle (admin only)
/gateways - Gateway configuration (admin only)
/approvals - Approval workflows
/activity - Activity feed and audit logs
/organization - Organization settings

Backend (FastAPI)

The backend provides a REST API with:

~22 API route modules under /api/v1
SQLModel models (~30 database tables)
Pydantic schemas for request/response validation
Service layer for business logic
Async database operations with SQLAlchemy 2.0

Entry Point

app/main.py defines:

Custom MissionControlFastAPI class extending FastAPI
Lifespan hook for database initialization
CORS configuration
Health check endpoints: /health, /healthz, /readyz
Router registration for all API modules

Configuration

app/core/config.py provides Settings class (Pydantic BaseSettings):

class Settings(BaseSettings):
    environment: str = "dev"
    database_url: str
    auth_mode: AuthMode  # "local" or "clerk"
    local_auth_token: str  # ≥50 chars when auth_mode=local
    cors_origins: str  # comma-separated origins
    base_url: str  # public backend URL
    db_auto_migrate: bool = False  # true in dev
    rq_redis_url: str
    gateway_min_version: str = "2026.02.9"

Database Layer

PostgreSQL stores all system state:

Organizations and membership
Boards, board groups, and tasks
Agents and gateways
Approvals and activity events
Board memory (key-value storage)
Webhooks and custom fields

Migrations managed with Alembic (40+ versions).

Job Queue (Redis + RQ)

Asynchronous job processing for:

Webhook dispatch with retry logic
Background template synchronization
Activity event processing

Worker process: rq worker -u redis://localhost:6379/0

Gateway Integration

Mission Control integrates with OpenClaw Gateway via:

WebSocket RPC protocol (JSON-RPC style)
Agent provisioning - create/update/delete agents
File operations - write TOOLS.md and templates
Session management - query active sessions
Template sync - batch update agent configurations

See Gateways for details.

Authentication Architecture

Local Mode (`AUTH_MODE=local`)

Browser → [Authorization: Bearer <LOCAL_AUTH_TOKEN>] → Backend
Backend → constant-time comparison with .env token
Backend → creates/returns User with email "[email protected]"

Requirements:

Token ≥50 characters
Non-placeholder value
Same token in frontend NEXT_PUBLIC_LOCAL_AUTH_TOKEN

Clerk Mode (`AUTH_MODE=clerk`)

Browser → Clerk UI → JWT token
Browser → [Authorization: Bearer <jwt>] → Backend
Backend → verifies JWT with Clerk public key
Backend → extracts sub, email, name → creates/updates User

Agent Authentication

Agents use X-Agent-Token header:

Token hash stored in agents.agent_token_hash
Token embedded in agent’s TOOLS.md file
Agent endpoints require require_admin_or_agent dependency

Data Flow

User Work Orchestration Flow

User creates board → POST /api/v1/boards
Backend creates Board record with organization_id
User creates agent → POST /api/v1/agents
Backend:
   a. Creates Agent record (status: "provisioning")
   b. Calls gateway RPC: agents.create(mc-<uuid>)
   c. Writes TOOLS.md to agent workspace
   d. Updates Agent status to "ready"
User creates task → POST /api/v1/tasks
Backend creates Task record
User assigns task to agent → POST /api/v1/tasks/{id}/assign-agent
Agent reads tasks via API → GET /api/v1/agent/boards/{id}/tasks
Agent updates task status → PATCH /api/v1/agent/boards/{id}/tasks/{tid}
Backend triggers webhooks (async via RQ)
Backend logs activity event

Template Sync Flow

1. Admin triggers sync → POST /api/v1/gateways/{id}/templates/sync
2. Backend queries all agents for gateway
3. For each agent:
   a. Read existing AUTH_TOKEN from TOOLS.md (if exists)
   b. Render TOOLS.md, BOARD_SOUL.md, BOARD_IDENTITY.md with Jinja2
   c. Write files via gateway RPC: agents.files.set()
   d. Optionally reset session if reset_sessions=true
4. Return sync result with counts and errors

Repository Structure

mission-control/
├── backend/
│   ├── app/
│   │   ├── main.py              # FastAPI app entry point
│   │   ├── core/
│   │   │   ├── config.py        # Settings (env vars)
│   │   │   ├── auth.py          # AuthContext, dependencies
│   │   │   └── logging.py       # Structured logging
│   │   ├── api/                 # ~22 route modules
│   │   ├── models/              # SQLModel tables (~30)
│   │   ├── schemas/             # Pydantic DTOs
│   │   ├── services/
│   │   │   ├── openclaw/        # Gateway integration
│   │   │   ├── webhooks/        # Webhook dispatch
│   │   │   └── activity_log.py  # Audit trail
│   │   └── db/
│   │       └── session.py       # AsyncSession factory
│   ├── templates/               # Jinja2 agent templates
│   ├── migrations/              # Alembic versions (40+)
│   └── tests/                   # Pytest suite (60+ files)
├── frontend/
│   ├── src/
│   │   ├── app/                 # Next.js App Router
│   │   ├── auth/                # Auth helpers
│   │   ├── api/
│   │   │   ├── generated/       # Orval-generated client
│   │   │   └── mutator.ts       # Custom fetch wrapper
│   │   └── components/          # React components
│   └── orval.config.ts          # API client generation
└── compose.yml                   # Docker Compose config

Key Design Principles

Operations-first: Built for running agent work reliably, not just task management
API-first: All UI operations available via REST API
Gateway-aware: Designed for distributed runtime environments
Governance built-in: Approvals, roles, and audit logs are first-class
Async by default: Database and external calls use async/await
Type-safe: Full TypeScript on frontend, Pydantic validation on backend
Observable: Activity events, audit logs, and structured logging throughout

Scalability Considerations

Current Design

Single backend server
Single PostgreSQL database
Single Redis instance
RQ workers (can scale horizontally)

Scaling Options

Backend: Deploy multiple FastAPI instances behind load balancer
Database: PostgreSQL read replicas, connection pooling
Redis: Redis Cluster or Sentinel for HA
Workers: Scale RQ worker count based on job queue depth
Storage: Agent workspaces on shared filesystem or object storage

Security Model

Authentication

User auth via local token or Clerk JWT
Agent auth via X-Agent-Token header
Token validation on every request

Authorization

Organization-scoped resources
Role-based access control (owner/admin/member)
Agent can only access own board’s tasks
Admin endpoints require owner/admin role

Data Protection

Passwords never stored (Clerk manages user auth)
Agent tokens hashed with bcrypt
CORS enforcement
SQL injection prevention via parameterized queries

Monitoring and Observability

Health Checks

GET /health - Basic liveness check
GET /healthz - Database connectivity check
GET /readyz - Full readiness check

Logging

Structured logging (JSON or text format)
Request/response logging
Slow query logging (configurable threshold)
Activity events stored in database

Metrics

Task counts by status
Agent activity metrics
Board metrics (via /api/v1/metrics)
Job queue statistics

Organizations - Multi-tenant structure
Boards - Work organization
Agents - Autonomous actors
Gateways - Runtime integration
Tasks - Work items

Get Started

Core Concepts

Guides

Deployment

Operations

Overview

Technology Stack

System Architecture

Core Components

Frontend (Next.js)

Backend (FastAPI)

Entry Point

Configuration

Database Layer

Job Queue (Redis + RQ)

Gateway Integration

Authentication Architecture

Local Mode (`AUTH_MODE=local`)

Clerk Mode (`AUTH_MODE=clerk`)

Agent Authentication

Data Flow

User Work Orchestration Flow

Template Sync Flow

Repository Structure

Key Design Principles

Scalability Considerations

Current Design

Scaling Options

Security Model

Authentication

Authorization

Data Protection

Monitoring and Observability

Health Checks

Logging

Metrics

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Get Started

Core Concepts

Guides

Deployment

Operations

​Overview

​Technology Stack

​System Architecture

​Core Components

​Frontend (Next.js)

​Backend (FastAPI)

​Entry Point

​Configuration

​Database Layer

​Job Queue (Redis + RQ)

​Gateway Integration

​Authentication Architecture

​Local Mode (AUTH_MODE=local)

​Clerk Mode (AUTH_MODE=clerk)

​Agent Authentication

​Data Flow

​User Work Orchestration Flow

​Template Sync Flow

​Repository Structure

​Key Design Principles

​Scalability Considerations

​Current Design

​Scaling Options

​Security Model

​Authentication

​Authorization

​Data Protection

​Monitoring and Observability

​Health Checks

​Logging

​Metrics

​Related Concepts

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Overview

Technology Stack

System Architecture

Core Components

Frontend (Next.js)

Backend (FastAPI)

Entry Point

Configuration

Database Layer

Job Queue (Redis + RQ)

Gateway Integration

Authentication Architecture

Local Mode (`AUTH_MODE=local`)

Clerk Mode (`AUTH_MODE=clerk`)

Agent Authentication

Data Flow

User Work Orchestration Flow

Template Sync Flow

Repository Structure

Key Design Principles

Scalability Considerations

Current Design

Scaling Options

Security Model

Authentication

Authorization

Data Protection

Monitoring and Observability

Health Checks

Logging

Metrics

Related Concepts