Architecture

Permission Mongo is designed as a high-performance middleware layer between your application and MongoDB, providing REST API, RBAC, versioning, and audit logging.

System overview

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                           Clients                                    │
│          (Web App, Mobile App, FastAPI, External Services)           │
└───────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────┘
                                │ HTTPS + JWT
                                ▼
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                    Permission Mongo Service                          │
│                                                                      │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                      Configuration                             │ │
│  │  ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌───────────────┐  │ │
│  │  │schema.yml │ │policy.yml │ │ hooks.yml │ │ server.yml    │  │ │
│  │  │           │ │           │ │           │ │               │  │ │
│  │  │• Types    │ │• Roles    │ │• pre/post │ │• Storage      │  │ │
│  │  │• Computed │ │• Policies │ │• Webhooks │ │• Audit config │  │ │
│  │  │• Indexes  │ │• Hierarchy│ │• Validate │ │• Cache TTLs   │  │ │
│  │  │• Version  │ │• Actions  │ │           │ │• Auth config  │  │ │
│  │  └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────┘ └───────────────┘  │ │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                                                                      │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                      REST API Layer                            │ │
│  │                                                                │ │
│  │  Single Document         Batch Operations        Queries       │ │
│  │  ┌────────────────┐     ┌────────────────┐     ┌────────────┐ │ │
│  │  │POST /:coll     │     │POST /:coll/batch│    │GET /:coll  │ │ │
│  │  │GET  /:coll/:id │     │PUT  /:coll/batch│    │POST /:coll/│ │ │
│  │  │PUT  /:coll/:id │     │DEL  /:coll/batch│    │  aggregate │ │ │
│  │  │DEL  /:coll/:id │     └────────────────┘     │POST /:coll/│ │ │
│  │  └────────────────┘                            │  count     │ │ │
│  │                                                └────────────┘ │ │
│  │  Versioning                                                   │ │
│  │  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐   │ │
│  │  │ GET  /:coll/:id/versions                               │   │ │
│  │  │ GET  /:coll/:id/versions/:v                            │   │ │
│  │  │ GET  /:coll/:id/diff/:v1/:v2                           │   │ │
│  │  │ POST /:coll/:id/restore/:v                             │   │ │
│  │  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘   │ │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
│                                                                      │
│  ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │
│  │                        Core Engine                             │ │
│  │                                                                │ │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────────────┐ │ │
│  │  │ JWT Auth     │  │ RBAC Engine  │  │ Schema Validator     │ │ │
│  │  │ • Validate   │  │ • Policies   │  │ • Type checking      │ │ │
│  │  │ • Extract    │  │ • Hierarchy  │  │ • Constraints        │ │ │
│  │  │   user ctx   │  │ • $subord.   │  │ • References         │ │ │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────────────┘ │ │
│  │                                                                │ │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────────────┐ │ │
│  │  │ Query Builder│  │ Computed     │  │ Hook Executor        │ │ │
│  │  │ • Filters    │  │ Fields       │  │ • Sync/Async         │ │ │
│  │  │ • Projection │  │ • Virtual    │  │ • HTTP calls         │ │ │
│  │  │ • Pagination │  │ • Stored     │  │ • Conditions         │ │ │
│  │  │ • Aggregation│  │ • Recompute  │  │                      │ │ │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────────────┘ │ │
│  │                                                                │ │
│  │  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────────────┐ │ │
│  │  │ Version      │  │ Audit Logger │  │ Field Mask           │ │ │
│  │  │ Manager      │  │ • MongoDB    │  │ • Email              │ │ │
│  │  │ • Snapshot   │  │ • Webhook    │  │ • Phone              │ │ │
│  │  │ • Diff       │  │ • Stdout     │  │ • Partial            │ │ │
│  │  │ • Restore    │  │              │  │                      │ │ │
│  │  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────────────┘ │ │
│  └────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘ │
└──────────────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────┘
                                   │
                   ┌───────────────┴───────────────┐
                   ▼                               ▼
          ┌───────────────┐               ┌───────────────┐
          │    Redis      │               │   MongoDB     │
          │               │               │               │
          │ • Policies    │               │ • App Data    │
          │ • Hierarchy   │               │ • _pm_versions│
          │ • Rate limits │               │ • _pm_audit   │
          └───────────────┘               │ • _pm_hier    │
                                          └───────────────┘

From SPECIFICATION.md:88-170.

Core components

HTTP server

Permission Mongo uses fasthttp for high-performance HTTP handling. Key characteristics:

10x faster than net/http for high-throughput scenarios
Optimized for 256K concurrent connections
Zero-allocation routing with atomic operations

Implementation: pkg/api/server.go

pkg/api/server.go

// Server initialization from cmd/server/main.go:176-182
server := api.NewServer(cfg.Server, serverOpts...)
server.RegisterHandlers(&api.Handlers{
    Store: mongoStore,
    RBAC:  rbacEngine,
})

MongoDB store

The MongoDB store layer (pkg/store/mongo.go) provides:

Connection pooling (default: 100 connections)
CRUD operations with RBAC filter injection
Aggregation pipeline execution
Index management

Connection: See cmd/server/main.go:62-77

mongoStore := store.NewMongoStore(mongoURI, mongoDatabase)
if err := mongoStore.Connect(ctx); err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to MongoDB: %w", err)
}

Redis cache

Redis is used for caching frequently accessed data: Cache keys:

pm:policy:{tenant}:compiled - Compiled RBAC policies (TTL: 60s)
pm:hier:{tenant}:{user}:subs - User subordinates (TTL: 300s)
pm:schema:compiled - Schema definitions (TTL: 60s)

Connection: See cmd/server/main.go:80-91

redisCache := cache.NewRedisCache(redisURL, cfg.Server.Redis.Password, cfg.Server.Redis.DB)
if err := redisCache.Connect(ctx); err != nil {
    return fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to Redis: %w", err)
}

From SPECIFICATION.md:1436-1451.

Schema validator

Validates documents against schema definitions before write operations. Features:

Type checking (string, number, boolean, date, objectId, array, object)
Constraints (required, min/max, pattern, enum)
Nested object and array validation
Computed field evaluation

Implementation: pkg/schema/validator.go Initialization: cmd/server/main.go:94-95

schemaValidator := schema.NewValidator(cfg.Schema)

Field types from examples/config/schema.yml:18-415.

RBAC engine

The Role-Based Access Control engine enforces permissions at multiple levels: Permission checks:

Collection-level: Can user perform action on collection?
Document-level: Does document match when clause?
Field-level: Which fields can user read/write?

Expression evaluation:

policy.yml

when: |
  doc.company_id == user.tenant_id &&
  (doc.created_by == user.id || doc.created_by in user.$subordinates)

The expression is compiled to a MongoDB query filter and cached. Special variables:

user.id - Current user ID
user.tenant_id - User’s tenant
user.roles - User’s roles array
user.$subordinates - All subordinate user IDs (from hierarchy)

Implementation: pkg/rbac/engine.go Initialization: cmd/server/main.go:104-105

rbacEngine := rbac.NewEngine(cfg.Policy)

From examples/config/policy.yml:1-178.

Hierarchy resolver

Resolves organizational hierarchy for manager-subordinate relationships. How it works:

Hierarchy defined in schema: users.manager_id references users._id
Transitive closure stored in _pm_hierarchy collection
Cached in Redis for fast lookups

Data structure:

// _pm_hierarchy collection
{
  tenant_id: "acme-corp",
  user_id: "dave",
  ancestor_id: "alice",  // Dave reports to Alice (directly or indirectly)
  depth: 2                // 2 levels up
}

Implementation: pkg/hierarchy/resolver.go Initialization: cmd/server/main.go:98-101

hierTTL := time.Duration(cfg.Server.Cache.HierarchyTTLSeconds) * time.Second
hierResolver := hierarchy.NewResolver(mongoStore, redisCache, hierTTL)

From SPECIFICATION.md:771-808.

Version manager

Tracks document change history in the _pm_versions collection. Version storage:

// _pm_versions collection
{
  _id: ObjectId("..."),
  collection: "orders",
  doc_id: "order-123",
  version: 3,
  mode: "full",           // "full" snapshot or "diff" changes
  data: { /* complete document snapshot */ },
  tenant_id: "acme-corp",
  updated_by: "user-alice",
  updated_at: ISODate("2026-03-04T12:00:00Z")
}

API endpoints:

GET /{collection}/{id}/versions - List versions
GET /{collection}/{id}/versions/{v} - Get specific version
GET /{collection}/{id}/diff/{v1}/{v2} - Compare versions
POST /{collection}/{id}/restore/{v} - Restore to version

Implementation: pkg/version/manager.go, pkg/api/handlers_version.go Initialization: cmd/server/main.go:108-109

versionMgr := version.NewManager(mongoStore)

From SPECIFICATION.md:810-1017.

Audit logger

Records all operations for compliance and debugging. Audit log entry:

// _pm_audit collection
{
  _id: ObjectId("..."),
  tenant_id: "acme-corp",
  user_id: "user-alice",
  action: "update",        // create, read, update, delete
  collection: "orders",
  doc_id: "order-123",
  changes: [
    { field: "status", from: "pending", to: "shipped" }
  ],
  timestamp: ISODate("2026-03-04T14:00:00Z"),
  success: true
}

Storage options:

MongoDB collection with TTL
Webhook (batch HTTP POST)
Stdout (for development)

Implementation: pkg/audit/logger.go Initialization: cmd/server/main.go:112-113

auditLogger := audit.NewLogger(&cfg.Server.Audit, mongoStore)

From SPECIFICATION.md:1072-1243.

Hooks manager

Executes pre/post operation hooks for validation, transformation, and notifications. Hook types:

pre_create, post_create
pre_update, post_update
pre_delete, post_delete

Built-in actions:

set_field - Set field to value or expression
validate - Check condition or fail
validate_ref - Verify reference exists
http - Call external webhook

Implementation: pkg/hooks/executor.go Initialization: cmd/server/main.go:116-120

var hooksMgr *hooks.Manager
if cfg.Hooks != nil {
    hooksMgr = hooks.NewManager()
}

Request flow

Typical request lifecycle for an update operation:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│  1. Client sends request                                            │
│     PUT /orders/order-123 { "status": "shipped" }                   │
│     Authorization: Bearer <jwt>                                      │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  2. JWT Authentication                                              │
│     • Validate signature                                            │
│     • Extract: user_id, tenant_id, roles                            │
│     • Build AuthContext                                             │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  3. RBAC Check                                                      │
│     • Load policy (from cache)                                      │
│     • Check: can user.roles do "update" on "orders"?                │
│     • If denied → 403 Forbidden                                     │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  4. Load Existing Document                                          │
│     • Fetch current state for versioning                            │
│     • Check document-level permission (when clause)                 │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  5. Schema Validation                                               │
│     • Type checking                                                 │
│     • Constraints (min, max, enum)                                  │
│     • Immutable field check                                         │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  6. Pre-Update Hooks                                                │
│     • Validation rules                                              │
│     • Field transformations                                         │
│     • HTTP calls (sync)                                             │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  7. Save Version Snapshot                                           │
│     • Store previous state in _pm_versions                          │
│     • Increment _version field                                      │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  8. Compute Stored Fields                                           │
│     • Recalculate affected computed fields                          │
│     • Update updated_at timestamp                                   │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  9. MongoDB Update                                                  │
│     • Execute update                                                │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  10. Post-Update Hooks (async)                                      │
│      • Webhook notifications                                        │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  11. Audit Log                                                      │
│      • Record: user, action, collection, doc_id, changes            │
│      • Ship to configured destinations                              │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  12. Compute Virtual Fields                                         │
│      • Calculate non-stored computed fields                         │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  13. Apply Field Projection                                         │
│      • Remove denied fields                                         │
│      • Apply masks                                                  │
│                               │                                      │
│                               ▼                                      │
│  14. Return Response                                                │
│      { "_id": "order-123", "status": "shipped", "_version": 4 }     │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

From SPECIFICATION.md:256-333. See handler implementation in pkg/api/handlers_crud.go.

Data storage

MongoDB collections

MongoDB Database
│
├── orders                      ← Your application data
├── customers                   ← Your application data
├── products                    ← Your application data
├── users                       ← Your application data
│
├── _pm_versions                ← All version history (single collection)
│   Indexes:
│   - { tenant_id: 1, collection: 1, doc_id: 1, version: -1 }
│   - { updated_at: 1 } with TTL (optional)
│
├── _pm_audit                   ← Audit logs (optional)
│   Indexes:
│   - { tenant_id: 1, timestamp: -1 }
│   - { tenant_id: 1, user_id: 1, timestamp: -1 }
│   - { timestamp: 1 } with TTL
│
├── _pm_hierarchy               ← Org chart closure table
│   Indexes:
│   - { tenant_id: 1, ancestor_id: 1 }
│   - { tenant_id: 1, user_id: 1 }
│
└── _pm_policies                ← Compiled policies cache
    Indexes:
    - { tenant_id: 1 } unique

From SPECIFICATION.md:1245-1277.

Redis keys

Redis
│
├── pm:policy:{tenant_id}:compiled     ← Compiled policy (TTL: 60s)
├── pm:policy:{tenant_id}:version      ← Policy version for invalidation
│
├── pm:hier:{tenant_id}:{user_id}:subs    ← Subordinates list (TTL: 300s)
├── pm:hier:{tenant_id}:{user_id}:direct  ← Direct reports (TTL: 300s)
├── pm:hier:{tenant_id}:{user_id}:anc     ← Ancestors (TTL: 300s)
│
└── pm:schema:compiled                     ← Schema cache (TTL: 60s)

From SPECIFICATION.md:1279-1291.

Project structure

permission-mongo/
├── cmd/
│   ├── server/main.go              # Main server entry point
│   └── pmctl/main.go               # CLI tool
├── pkg/
│   ├── api/
│   │   ├── server.go               # fasthttp server
│   │   ├── handlers_crud.go        # CRUD handlers
│   │   ├── handlers_batch.go       # Batch handlers
│   │   ├── handlers_query.go       # List/aggregate handlers
│   │   ├── handlers_version.go     # Version history handlers
│   │   └── middleware.go           # Auth, logging, recovery
│   ├── auth/
│   │   ├── jwt.go                  # JWT validation
│   │   └── context.go              # User context extraction
│   ├── config/
│   │   ├── schema.go               # Schema parsing
│   │   ├── policy.go               # Policy parsing
│   │   └── loader.go               # Config file loader
│   ├── schema/
│   │   ├── validator.go            # Document validation
│   │   └── computed.go             # Computed field evaluation
│   ├── rbac/
│   │   ├── engine.go               # Permission engine
│   │   ├── evaluator.go            # Condition evaluation
│   │   ├── compiler.go             # Expression → MongoDB
│   │   └── fields.go               # Field projection/masking
│   ├── hierarchy/
│   │   ├── resolver.go             # Subordinate lookups
│   │   └── closure.go              # Transitive closure
│   ├── version/
│   │   ├── manager.go              # Version management
│   │   ├── diff.go                 # Diff calculation
│   │   └── restore.go              # Restore logic
│   ├── audit/
│   │   ├── logger.go               # Audit log interface
│   │   └── mongodb.go              # MongoDB storage
│   ├── hooks/
│   │   ├── executor.go             # Hook execution
│   │   └── http.go                 # HTTP call handling
│   ├── store/
│   │   └── mongo.go                # MongoDB operations
│   └── cache/
│       └── redis.go                # Redis client
├── config/
│   ├── schema.yml                  # Example schema
│   ├── policy.yml                  # Example policy
│   └── config.example.yaml         # Server configuration
├── docker/
│   ├── Dockerfile
│   └── docker-compose.yaml
└── Makefile

From README.md:181-205 and SPECIFICATION.md:172-254.

Performance characteristics

Throughput targets

Operation	Target Latency	Throughput
GET (cached)	Less than 10ms	50K+ QPS
POST (create)	Less than 25ms	25K+ QPS
PUT (update with versioning)	Less than 30ms	20K+ QPS
Batch (100 docs)	Less than 100ms	5K+ QPS

Optimizations

Lock-free router (pkg/api/router.go):

Atomic operations for route registration
Zero allocations in hot path

Connection pooling:

MongoDB: 100 connections (configurable)
Redis: 500 connections (configurable)

Async audit logging:

Batched inserts to MongoDB
No latency impact on user requests

AST caching:

RBAC expressions compiled once and cached
Reduces CPU usage by 80% vs. parsing on every request

From README.md:207-214.

Scalability

Permission Mongo scales to:

50-100M documents per collection (single instance)
500M total documents across all collections
1M users in hierarchy
25K QPS sustained on standard hardware

For larger scale, use MongoDB sharding and horizontal scaling of Permission Mongo instances (stateless). From SPECIFICATION.md:1515-1531.

Security

Authentication

JWT-based authentication with configurable algorithms:

RS256 (asymmetric, recommended for production)
HS256 (symmetric, simpler setup)

JWT claims:

{
  "sub": "user-456",           // User ID
  "tenant_id": "acme-corp",    // Tenant ID
  "roles": ["manager"],        // User roles
  "iat": 1707220800,
  "exp": 1707224400
}

Authorization

Multi-level RBAC enforcement:

Collection-level - Can user access this collection?
Action-level - Can user perform this action (create/read/update/delete)?
Document-level - Does document match when clause?
Field-level - Which fields are allowed/denied/masked?

Data protection

Field masking:

fields:
  mask:
    email: email        # j***@example.com
    phone: phone        # +1-***-***-1234
    ssn: partial        # ***-**-1234

Immutable fields:

fields:
  created_at:
    type: date
    immutable: true     # Cannot be changed after creation

Next steps

Configuration

Learn how to configure schema, policies, and hooks

API Reference

Complete REST API documentation

RBAC Guide

Master role-based access control

Performance Tuning

Optimize for high throughput

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Configuration

Guides

Monitoring & Observability

Advanced

SDK

Architecture

Architecture

System overview

Core components

HTTP server

MongoDB store

Redis cache

Schema validator

RBAC engine

Hierarchy resolver

Version manager

Audit logger

Hooks manager

Request flow

Data storage

MongoDB collections

Redis keys

Project structure

Performance characteristics

Throughput targets

Optimizations

Scalability

Security

Authentication

Authorization

Data protection

Next steps

Configuration

API Reference

RBAC Guide

Performance Tuning

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Configuration

Guides

Monitoring & Observability

Advanced

SDK

​Architecture

​System overview

​Core components

​HTTP server

​MongoDB store

​Redis cache

​Schema validator

​RBAC engine

​Hierarchy resolver

​Version manager

​Audit logger

​Hooks manager

​Request flow

​Data storage

​MongoDB collections

​Redis keys

​Project structure

​Performance characteristics

​Throughput targets

​Optimizations

​Scalability

​Security

​Authentication

​Authorization

​Data protection

​Next steps

Configuration

API Reference

RBAC Guide

Performance Tuning

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Architecture

System overview

Core components

HTTP server

MongoDB store

Redis cache

Schema validator

RBAC engine

Hierarchy resolver

Version manager

Audit logger

Hooks manager

Request flow

Data storage

MongoDB collections

Redis keys

Project structure

Performance characteristics

Throughput targets

Optimizations

Scalability

Security

Authentication

Authorization

Data protection

Next steps