Webinoly provides comprehensive database management with support for both MySQL and MariaDB, including automatic configuration, security hardening, and optimization.
Database Engine Selection Webinoly supports both MySQL and MariaDB:
MariaDB is the default database engine, offering:
Drop-in MySQL replacement
Better performance
More storage engines
Enhanced security
Active development
MySQL is available for compatibility:
Oracle-backed
Wide ecosystem support
JSON improvements
Document store
Supported Versions MariaDB Versions
MariaDB 10.11 LTS - Long-term support
MariaDB 11.4 Current stable release
MariaDB 11.8 Default - Latest stable
MySQL Versions
MySQL 8.0 LTS - Long-term support
MySQL 8.4 Default - Latest LTS
MySQL on ARM : MySQL does not support ARM processors. If you’re on ARM architecture, you must use MariaDB.
Installation Full Database Server Install complete MySQL/MariaDB server:
Client Only Install only the database client:
The client installation is useful for connecting to external database servers without running a local database.
Choosing Database Engine Set Before Installation Use MariaDB (Default)
Use MySQL
sudo webinoly -config-set=db-engine:mariadb sudo webinoly -config-set=mysql-ver:11.8 sudo stack -mysql
Check Current Engine sudo webinoly -config-list | grep db-engine
Installation Process Webinoly automatically handles the complete setup:
Package Installation
Adds official repository
Installs database server packages
Configures systemd service
Security Configuration
Runs mysql_secure_installation equivalent:
Generates strong root password
Removes anonymous users
Disables remote root access
Drops test database
Reloads privilege tables
User Creation
Creates admin user with privileges:
Generates secure admin password
Grants full database access
Enables WITH GRANT OPTION
Optimization
Applies performance optimizations:
Configures buffer pools
Sets connection limits
Optimizes query cache
Password Security : Database passwords are automatically generated and encrypted. They are NO longer displayed in the terminal for security reasons.
Accessing Database Credentials Webinoly stores database credentials securely:
View Configuration
This displays:
Database root password
Admin user password
Connection details
Stored Location
Credentials are encrypted in: /opt/webinoly/webinoly.conf
Login Configuration
Automatic login configured at: /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/90-webinoly-login.cnf # or for MySQL: /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/xx-webinoly-login.cnf
Database Configuration Configuration Files Structure /etc/mysql/ ├── my.cnf # Main configuration ├── mariadb.conf.d/ │ ├── 50-server.cnf # Server settings │ ├── 90-webinoly.cnf # Webinoly optimizations │ └── 90-webinoly-login.cnf # Login credentials └── conf.d/ # Additional configs
/etc/mysql/ ├── my.cnf # Main configuration ├── mysql.conf.d/ │ ├── mysqld.cnf # Server settings │ ├── xx-webinoly.cnf # Webinoly optimizations │ └── xx-webinoly-login.cnf # Login credentials └── conf.d/ # Additional configs
Webinoly Optimizations Webinoly applies several database optimizations:
[mysqld] # Connection Settings max_connections = 100 connect_timeout = 10 wait_timeout = 600 # Buffer Pool (automatically sized) innodb_buffer_pool_size = XXM # Query Cache query_cache_type = 1 query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_size = 64M # Log Settings log_error = /var/log/mysql/error.log slow_query_log = 0
Managing Database Server Service Control Start Database
Stop Database
Restart Database
Check Status
sudo systemctl start mysql
Database Access Admin User
Root User
External Connection
# Access as admin mysql --user=admin # or with MariaDB mariadb --user=admin
# Access as root sudo mysql --user=root
mysql -h hostname -P port -u username -p
User Management Create Database and User -- Create database CREATE DATABASE myapp_db ; -- Create user CREATE USER ' myapp_user '@ 'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'secure_password' ; -- Grant privileges GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON myapp_db. * TO 'myapp_user' @ 'localhost' ; -- Flush privileges FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Remove User and Database -- Drop user DROP USER 'myapp_user' @ 'localhost' ; -- Drop database DROP DATABASE myapp_db;
View Users -- List all users SELECT User, Host FROM mysql . user ; -- View user privileges SHOW GRANTS FOR 'username' @ 'localhost' ;
External Database Access Enable Public Access Only enable public access if absolutely necessary and use strong security measures.
# Enable public access sudo webinoly -mysql-public-access=on # Enable with specific bind address sudo webinoly -mysql-public-access=on -bind=0.0.0.0 # Disable public access sudo webinoly -mysql-public-access=off
# Allow MySQL port (3306) sudo ufw allow 3306/tcp # Or allow from specific IP sudo ufw allow from 203.0.113.0 to any port 3306
Create Remote User -- Allow user from specific host CREATE USER ' remote_user '@ '203.0.113.0' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' ; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database . * TO 'remote_user' @ '203.0.113.0' ; -- Allow from any host (not recommended) CREATE USER ' remote_user '@ '%' IDENTIFIED BY 'password' ; GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database . * TO 'remote_user' @ '%' ; FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Version Management Switch Database Version Webinoly allows version upgrades:
Check Current Version
mysql -V # or sudo stack -info
Upgrade Version
sudo stack -mysql-ver=11.8
This will:
Back up with keep-data
Remove old version
Install new version
Upgrade system tables
Verify Upgrade
mysql -V sudo systemctl status mysql
Important Notes :
Downgrades are NOT supported
Always backup data before upgrading
Switching between MySQL and MariaDB requires manual data migration
Version upgrades preserve your data
Database Backup and Restore Manual Backup Single Database
All Databases
With Compression
mysqldump --user=admin database_name > backup.sql
Restore Database From SQL File
From Compressed File
mysql --user=admin database_name < backup.sql
Logging Configuration Webinoly provides log management:
Error Log Always enabled by default:
Binary Log Useful for replication and point-in-time recovery:
Enable Binary Log
Disable Binary Log
sudo log -mysql=binary -enable
Slow Query Log Identify slow queries:
Enable Slow Query Log
With Custom Threshold
Disable Slow Query Log
sudo log -mysql=slow -enable
General Query Log Log all queries (use with caution):
Enable General Log
Disable General Log
sudo log -mysql=general -enable
General query log can significantly impact performance and consume disk space. Only enable for debugging.
phpMyAdmin Integration Webinoly can install phpMyAdmin for web-based management:
# Install phpMyAdmin sudo stack -pma # Access at http://your-server-ip:22222/pma
phpMyAdmin is automatically configured to work with your database and is protected by HTTP authentication.
Buffer Pool Size Automatic optimization based on RAM:
# Webinoly calculates optimal size # Generally 50-70% of available RAM for dedicated database servers # 25-40% for shared servers
Connection Optimization [mysqld] max_connections = 100 max_connect_errors = 1000000 thread_cache_size = 8
Query Cache [mysqld] query_cache_type = 1 query_cache_size = 64M query_cache_limit = 2M
Note: Query cache is deprecated in MySQL 8.0+ and removed in MariaDB 10.10+
Removing Database Complete Removal Keep Data Remove server but preserve databases:
sudo stack -mysql=keep-data -purge
Removing the database will:
Delete all databases and users (unless keep-data is used)
Remove phpMyAdmin if installed
Delete all configurations
This action cannot be undone without backups
Troubleshooting
Cannot connect to database
Check service status and socket: sudo systemctl status mysql ls -la /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock sudo tail -f /var/log/mysql/error.log
Too many connections error
Increase max_connections: sudo nano /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/90-webinoly.cnf # Increase max_connections value sudo systemctl restart mysql
Check for sufficient disk space and try: sudo stack -mysql=keep-data -purge sudo webinoly -config-set=mysql-ver:11.8 sudo stack -mysql
Webinoly detects incompatible data: ERROR: You have MySQL set as database engine, but we found you have MariaDB data in your server.
Solution: Use the same engine as your existing data or migrate data properly. Best Practices
Regular Backups Schedule automated database backups using Webinoly’s backup tools
Secure Access Use strong passwords and limit remote access to specific IPs only
Monitor Performance Enable slow query log to identify performance bottlenecks
Keep Updated Regularly update to latest stable version for security patches
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