Configuration Reference

Overview

All configuration constants are defined in headers/cub3d.h. These control window settings, player behavior, entity properties, rendering parameters, and performance tuning.

Window Configuration

Window and display settings.

W_TITLE

string

default:"cub3d"

Window title displayed in the title bar.

#define W_TITLE "cub3d"

W_WIDTH

int

default:"1024"

Window width in pixels. Can be overridden at compile time.

#ifndef W_WIDTH
# define W_WIDTH 1024
#endif

Compile with custom width: make CFLAGS="-DW_WIDTH=1920"

W_HEIGHT

int

default:"768"

Window height in pixels. Can be overridden at compile time.

#ifndef W_HEIGHT
# define W_HEIGHT 768
#endif

Player Configuration

Player movement, camera, and interaction settings.

Movement

PLAYER_WALK_VELOCITY

double

default:"4.0"

Player walking speed in units per second.

#define PLAYER_WALK_VELOCITY 4.0

PLAYER_SPRINT_VELOCITY

double

default:"6.0"

Player sprinting speed in units per second (1.5x walk speed).

#define PLAYER_SPRINT_VELOCITY 6.0

PLAYER_WIDTH

double

default:"0.23"

Player collision box width in map units.

#define PLAYER_WIDTH 0.23

PLAYER_HEIGHT

double

default:"0.23"

Player collision box height in map units.

#define PLAYER_HEIGHT 0.23

Camera & Vision

PLAYER_FOV

double

default:"66.0"

Player field of view in degrees. Standard FOV similar to classic FPS games.

#define PLAYER_FOV 66.0

PLAYER_MOUSE_LOOK_VELOCITY

double

default:"20.0"

Mouse look sensitivity (degrees per pixel movement).

#define PLAYER_MOUSE_LOOK_VELOCITY 20.0

PLAYER_KEY_LOOK_VELOCITY

double

default:"180.0"

Keyboard look rotation speed in degrees per second.

#define PLAYER_KEY_LOOK_VELOCITY 180.0

Raycasting

PLAYER_RAYS_NO_HIT_LENGTH

double

default:"50.0"

Maximum ray distance when no wall is intersected.

#define PLAYER_RAYS_NO_HIT_LENGTH 50.0

Setting this too high impacts performance. Setting too low causes visual artifacts.

PLAYER_RAY_SUBRAYS

int

default:"5"

Number of sub-rays cast per screen column for improved hit detection.

#define PLAYER_RAY_SUBRAYS 5

Higher values improve accuracy but reduce performance.

PLAYER_RAY_HIT_ENTITIES_NUMBER

int

default:"5"

Maximum number of entities tracked per ray for shooting.

#define PLAYER_RAY_HIT_ENTITIES_NUMBER 5

Interaction

PLAYER_MAX_TARGET_DISTANCE

double

default:"1.2"

Maximum distance to interact with entities (doors, items, etc.).

#define PLAYER_MAX_TARGET_DISTANCE 1.2

Multiplayer

PLAYER_MAX

int

default:"4"

Maximum number of simultaneous players.

#define PLAYER_MAX 4

PLAYER_DEAD_RESET_DELAY

int

default:"2000"

Milliseconds before respawning a dead player.

#define PLAYER_DEAD_RESET_DELAY 2000

Character Configuration

Settings for NPCs and character entities.

CHARACTER_HIT_DELAY

double

default:"100.0"

Milliseconds of invulnerability after taking damage (prevents multi-hit).

#define CHARACTER_HIT_DELAY 100.0

CHARACTER_DEFAULT_MAX_HEALTH

int

default:"100"

Default maximum health for character entities.

#define CHARACTER_DEFAULT_MAX_HEALTH 100

Billboard Configuration

Settings for sprite-based entities.

BILLBOARD_WIDTH

double

default:"0.23"

Default width of billboard sprites in map units.

#define BILLBOARD_WIDTH 0.23

BILLBOARD_HEIGHT

double

default:"0.23"

Default height of billboard sprites in map units.

#define BILLBOARD_HEIGHT 0.23

Entity Configuration

General entity system settings.

INVENTORY_SIZE

int

default:"9"

Number of inventory slots per character.

#define INVENTORY_SIZE 9

struct s_character {
    // ...
    t_item *inventory[INVENTORY_SIZE];
    int inventory_index;  // Currently selected slot (0-8)
};

INVENTORY_SCROLL_DELAY

double

default:"0.5"

Minimum seconds between inventory slot changes (prevents accidental scrolling).

#define INVENTORY_SCROLL_DELAY 0.5

Wall Configuration

WALL_INTERACTION_DISTANCE

double

default:"2.0"

Maximum distance to interact with walls (for action prompts).

#define WALL_INTERACTION_DISTANCE 2.0

Door Configuration

DOOR_ANIMATION_FPS

int

default:"6"

Frame rate for door opening/closing animations.

#define DOOR_ANIMATION_FPS 6

Animation delay is calculated as: 1000 / DOOR_ANIMATION_FPS milliseconds per frame.

Map Configuration

Map parsing and defaults.

DEFAULT_MAP_PATH

string

default:"maps/hub.cub"

Map file loaded at startup.

#define DEFAULT_MAP_PATH "maps/hub.cub"

DEFAULT_AIR_TYPES

string

default:"0 \\t\\n\\v\\f\\r"

Characters representing walkable space in map files.

#define DEFAULT_AIR_TYPES "0 \t\n\v\f\r"

DEFAULT_WALL_TYPES

string

default:"1"

Characters representing solid walls in map files.

#define DEFAULT_WALL_TYPES "1"

DEFAULT_PLAYER_TYPES

string

default:"NSEW"

Characters representing player spawn points (N=North, S=South, E=East, W=West).

#define DEFAULT_PLAYER_TYPES "NSEW"

The character determines initial facing direction.

Rendering Configuration

Threading

CAMERA_THREADS

int

default:"4"

Number of parallel threads for raycasting.

#define CAMERA_THREADS 4

Optimal value depends on CPU core count. 4 threads works well for quad-core processors.

Minimap

MINIMAP_WIDTH_MULTIPLIER

double

default:"0.25"

Minimap width as a fraction of window width.

#define MINIMAP_WIDTH_MULTIPLIER 0.25

For 1024px window: minimap width = 256px

MINIMAP_HEIGHT_MULTIPLIER

double

default:"0.25"

Minimap height as a fraction of window height.

#define MINIMAP_HEIGHT_MULTIPLIER 0.25

For 768px window: minimap height = 192px

Performance Configuration

Frame Timing

FPS_LIMIT

int

default:"1000"

Target frames per second (uncapped by default).

#define FPS_LIMIT 1000

Set to 60 for VSync-like behavior: #define FPS_LIMIT 60

DELTA_TIME_START

float

default:"0.016f"

Initial delta time in seconds (equivalent to ~62.5 FPS).

#define DELTA_TIME_START 0.016f

Updated dynamically each frame based on actual timing.

Loading Screen

LOADING_MIN_LENGTH

int

default:"1000"

Minimum milliseconds to display loading screen.

#define LOADING_MIN_LENGTH 1000

Ensures loading screen is visible even for fast loads.

Asset Paths

Fonts

DEFAULT_FONT_PATH

string

default:"assets/fonts/IBM-VGA-8x16"

Default bitmap font for text rendering.

#define DEFAULT_FONT_PATH "assets/fonts/IBM-VGA-8x16"

Textures

PLACEHOLDER_IMAGE_PATH

string

default:"assets/textures/placeholder.bmp"

Fallback texture when assets fail to load.

#define PLACEHOLDER_IMAGE_PATH "assets/textures/placeholder.bmp"

LOADING_IMAGE_PATH

string

default:"assets/textures/loading.bmp"

Image displayed during map loading.

#define LOADING_IMAGE_PATH "assets/textures/loading.bmp"

Mathematical Constants

double

default:"3.14159265359"

Pi constant for trigonometric calculations.

#define PI 3.14159265359

Compilation Flags

From Makefile:

CC = cc
CFLAGS = -Wall -Wextra -Werror -O3 -g

Platform-Specific Settings

Emscripten (WebAssembly)

#ifdef __EMSCRIPTEN__
# include <emscripten.h>
#endif

When compiled with Emscripten, threading behavior is modified for browser compatibility.

macOS vs Linux

The Makefile automatically detects the platform and links appropriate frameworks:

macOS
Linux

LDLIBS += -framework OpenGL
LDLIBS += -framework AppKit
LDLIBS += -framework CoreAudio
# ... additional frameworks

LDLIBS = -lSDL2 -ldl -lpthread
CFLAGS += -Wno-stringop-overflow  # GCC-specific

Configuration Best Practices

Performance Tuning

High-end systems: Increase CAMERA_THREADS to 8, set FPS_LIMIT to 144+
Low-end systems: Reduce PLAYER_RAY_SUBRAYS to 3, limit FPS to 60
Web builds: Use 2-4 threads, lower FOV for better performance

Gameplay Tuning

Increase PLAYER_SPRINT_VELOCITY for faster-paced gameplay
Adjust CHARACTER_HIT_DELAY to balance combat difficulty
Modify INVENTORY_SIZE for more/fewer item slots

Visual Tuning

Wider PLAYER_FOV (90+) for more peripheral vision
Smaller BILLBOARD_WIDTH/HEIGHT for larger sprites
Adjust MINIMAP_*_MULTIPLIER for different minimap sizes

Get Started

Core Concepts

Guides

Technical Reference

Configuration Reference

Overview

Window Configuration

Player Configuration

Movement

Camera & Vision

Raycasting

Interaction

Multiplayer

Character Configuration

Billboard Configuration

Entity Configuration

Wall Configuration

Door Configuration

Map Configuration

Rendering Configuration

Threading

Minimap

Performance Configuration

Frame Timing

Loading Screen

Asset Paths

Fonts

Textures

Mathematical Constants

Compilation Flags

Platform-Specific Settings

Emscripten (WebAssembly)

macOS vs Linux

Configuration Best Practices

Performance Tuning

Gameplay Tuning

Visual Tuning

See Also

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Get Started

Core Concepts

Guides

Technical Reference

​Overview

​Window Configuration

​Player Configuration

​Movement

​Camera & Vision

​Raycasting

​Interaction

​Multiplayer

​Character Configuration

​Billboard Configuration

​Entity Configuration

​Wall Configuration

​Door Configuration

​Map Configuration

​Rendering Configuration

​Threading

​Minimap

​Performance Configuration

​Frame Timing

​Loading Screen

​Asset Paths

​Fonts

​Textures

​Mathematical Constants

​Compilation Flags

​Platform-Specific Settings

​Emscripten (WebAssembly)

​macOS vs Linux

​Configuration Best Practices

Performance Tuning

Gameplay Tuning

Visual Tuning

​See Also

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Overview

Window Configuration

Player Configuration

Movement

Camera & Vision

Raycasting

Interaction

Multiplayer

Character Configuration

Billboard Configuration

Entity Configuration

Wall Configuration

Door Configuration

Map Configuration

Rendering Configuration

Threading

Minimap

Performance Configuration

Frame Timing

Loading Screen

Asset Paths

Fonts

Textures

Mathematical Constants

Compilation Flags

Platform-Specific Settings

Emscripten (WebAssembly)

macOS vs Linux

Configuration Best Practices

See Also