Stock Module - ERPNext

Overview

The Stock module provides comprehensive inventory management capabilities. Track stock across multiple warehouses, manage batch and serial numbers, handle stock transfers, and maintain accurate inventory records in real-time.

Key Features

Warehouse Management

Organize your inventory storage:

Multi-Warehouse

Unlimited warehouses
Hierarchical structure
Location tracking
Warehouse-wise stock levels

Bin Locations

Rack and bin management
Easy stock location
Warehouse mapping

Core Doctypes

Stock Entry

The fundamental transaction for all stock movements.

# From stock_entry.py
class StockEntry(StockController):
    stock_entry_type: Literal[
        "Material Issue",
        "Material Receipt",
        "Material Transfer",
        "Manufacture",
        "Repack",
        "Send to Subcontractor",
        "Material Transfer for Manufacture",
        "Material Consumption for Manufacture"
    ]

Use Cases:

Material receipt
Material issue
Transfer between warehouses
Manufacturing entries
Repack/repacking
Material consumption
Scrap/damage recording

Stock entries automatically update stock ledger and create accounting entries in real-time.

Item Master

Central repository of all products and materials.Item Configuration:

Basic details (name, code, description)
Item group and category
UOM and conversion factors
Valuation method (FIFO, Moving Average)
Default warehouse and supplier
Reorder levels
Batch/serial number settings
Quality inspection requirements

Item Variants:

Size, color, style variations
Template-based variants
Attribute management

Delivery Note

Record outbound shipments to customers.Features:

Pick list integration
Batch/serial selection
Packing slip generation
Quality inspection
Installation note link
Return against delivery note

Barcode Scanning: Support for barcode scanners to speed up picking and packing.

Purchase Receipt

Record inbound goods from suppliers.Features:

Quality inspection
Batch/serial number creation
Rejected quantity handling
Landed cost allocation
Return to supplier
GRN (Goods Receipt Note)

Batch and Serial Number Tracking

Batch Management

Track items in batches with expiry dates:

Batch Creation

Auto or manual batch numbers
Manufacture and expiry dates
Batch-wise pricing

Batch Tracking

Batch-wise stock balance
FIFO/FEFO selection
Expiry alerts

Use Cases:

Pharmaceuticals
Food and beverage
Cosmetics
Chemicals

Serial Number Management

Track individual items: Features:

Unique serial numbers
Warranty tracking
AMC/CMC management
Complete lifecycle tracking
Serial number history

Typical Items:

Electronics
Machinery
Vehicles
High-value items

Serial numbers provide complete traceability - you can track exactly where each item came from and where it went.

Stock Reconciliation

Adjust stock to match physical inventory:

Download Template

Export current stock for selected warehouse

Physical Count

Conduct physical stock verification

Update Quantities

Enter actual quantities in template

Upload and Submit

System creates adjustment entries automatically

Features:

Opening stock entry
Cycle counting
Valuation adjustment
Variance reporting

Material Request

Initiate procurement or internal transfers:

Types of Material Requests

Type	Purpose
Purchase	Trigger purchase from supplier
Material Transfer	Move between warehouses
Material Issue	Issue materials
Manufacture	Trigger production
Customer Provided	Track customer materials

Workflow

Stock Transfer

Move stock between locations:

Transfer Methods

Direct Transfer: Immediate transfer via Stock Entry
In-Transit Warehouse: Track goods in transit
Pick List: Generate pick list for warehouse team

Pick List Workflow

Optimize warehouse picking operations:

Generate Pick List: From sales orders or delivery notes
Batch Assignment: System suggests optimal batches
Picking: Warehouse team picks items
Create Stock Entry: Auto-create delivery entry

Benefits:

Faster order fulfillment
Reduced errors
Better warehouse organization

Inventory Valuation

Valuation Methods

FIFO

First In, First Out - oldest stock used first

Moving Average

Average cost method - cost averaged across all stock

Landed Cost

Allocate additional costs to purchased items:

Freight charges
Customs duty
Insurance
Handling charges

Landed Cost Voucher:

Allocate costs to multiple receipts
Item-wise or proportional distribution
Updates item valuation

Stock Reports

Comprehensive reporting for inventory analysis:

Stock Balance Report

Real-time stock quantity for all items:

Warehouse-wise balance
Item-wise quantities
Batch/serial details
Valuation amounts

Stock Ledger Report

Complete transaction history:

All stock movements
Date-wise entries
Running balance
Valuation changes
Voucher details

Stock Ageing Report

Identify slow-moving and obsolete stock:

Age brackets (0-30, 30-60, 60-90, 90+ days)
Item-wise aging
Warehouse-wise view
Valuation of aged stock

Stock Analytics

Visual analytics dashboard:

Stock trends over time
Category-wise distribution
Warehouse comparison
Stock turnover ratio

Reorder Level Management

Automate reordering with reorder levels:

Configuration

Reorder Level: Minimum quantity before reorder
Reorder Qty: Quantity to order
Lead Time: Days required for delivery
Safety Stock: Buffer stock quantity

Auto Reorder

Material requests can be automatically created when stock falls below reorder level.

Quality Inspection

Ensure quality standards:

Inspection Points

Incoming Inspection: Check purchased goods
Outgoing Inspection: Verify before delivery
In-Process Inspection: During manufacturing

QI Features

Parameter-based inspection
Sample quantity
Accept/reject criteria
Inspection reports
Block transactions on rejection

Packing Management

Packing Slip

Generate detailed packing slips:

Package-wise item list
Net and gross weight
Package dimensions
Shipping marks

Product Bundle

Handle items packed together:

Define bundle components
Auto-explode on delivery
Stock maintained for components

Stock Reservation

Reserve stock for specific orders: Features:

Reserve against sales orders
Reserve for projects
Prevent over-selling
Reservation expiry
Unreserve functionality

Stock reservation ensures committed orders are fulfilled even during high demand.

Perpetual Inventory

Integrate stock with accounting: Benefits:

Real-time stock value in accounts
Automatic GL entries
Accurate cost of goods sold
Stock-in-hand account updated

GL Impact:

# On Purchase Receipt
Stock-in-Hand Dr.
    To Stock Received But Not Billed Cr.

# On Delivery
Cost of Goods Sold Dr.
    To Stock-in-Hand Cr.

Item Variants

Manage product variations efficiently:

Variant Attributes

Size (S, M, L, XL)
Color (Red, Blue, Green)
Material (Cotton, Polyester)
Style (Regular, Slim Fit)

Template System

Create variants from template:

Define item template
Set variant attributes
Generate all combinations
Individual pricing and stock

Alternative Items

Define substitute items:

Suggest alternatives if out of stock
Allow selection during transactions
Two-way alternatives

Subcontracting

Send materials to suppliers for processing:

Create Subcontracting Order

Purchase order with subcontracted items

Transfer Materials

Send raw materials to supplier

Receive Finished Goods

Receive processed items via purchase receipt

Cost Calculation

System calculates total cost automatically

Stock Settings

Configure stock module behavior:

Setting	Description
Item Naming	Auto naming series
Default Valuation	FIFO or Moving Average
Allow Negative Stock	Permit negative quantities
Auto Indent	Auto-create material requests
Tolerance	Over-receipt/delivery percentage
Freeze Stock	Freeze stock on specified date

The stock module provides real-time visibility into inventory levels, movements, and valuation across all locations.

Getting Started

Core Modules

Setup & Configuration

Features

​Overview

​Key Features

​Warehouse Management

Multi-Warehouse

Bin Locations

​Core Doctypes

​Batch and Serial Number Tracking

​Batch Management

Batch Creation

Batch Tracking

​Serial Number Management

​Stock Reconciliation

​Material Request

​Types of Material Requests

​Workflow

​Stock Transfer

​Transfer Methods

​Inventory Valuation

​Valuation Methods

FIFO

Moving Average

​Landed Cost

​Stock Reports

​Reorder Level Management

​Configuration

​Auto Reorder

​Quality Inspection

​Inspection Points

​QI Features

​Packing Management

​Packing Slip

​Product Bundle

​Stock Reservation

​Perpetual Inventory

​Item Variants

​Variant Attributes

​Template System

​Alternative Items

​Subcontracting

​Stock Settings

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Overview

Key Features

Warehouse Management

Core Doctypes

Batch and Serial Number Tracking

Batch Management

Serial Number Management

Stock Reconciliation

Material Request

Types of Material Requests

Workflow

Stock Transfer

Transfer Methods

Inventory Valuation

Valuation Methods

Landed Cost

Stock Reports

Reorder Level Management

Configuration

Auto Reorder

Quality Inspection

Inspection Points

QI Features

Packing Management

Packing Slip

Product Bundle

Stock Reservation

Perpetual Inventory

Item Variants

Variant Attributes

Template System

Alternative Items

Subcontracting

Stock Settings