Understanding k6 results

As k6 runs your test, it collects performance metrics about both the test execution and system behavior. Understanding these results helps you identify performance issues and validate that your application meets reliability goals.

End-of-test summary

After your test completes, k6 prints a summary to the terminal with aggregated statistics for all metrics.

Running a test

Run any k6 test to see the results:

k6 run script.js

You’ll see:

Test progress: Real-time updates as the test runs
Summary statistics: Aggregated metrics after completion
Check results: Pass/fail rates for validations
Threshold results: Whether performance goals were met

Example output

     ✓ status is 200
     ✓ response time < 500ms

     checks.........................: 100.00% ✓ 200       ✗ 0
     data_received..................: 2.4 MB  80 kB/s
     data_sent......................: 18 kB   600 B/s
     http_req_blocked...............: avg=1.5ms    min=1µs     med=3µs     max=150ms   p(90)=5µs     p(95)=7µs
     http_req_connecting............: avg=750µs    min=0s      med=0s      max=75ms    p(90)=0s      p(95)=0s
     http_req_duration..............: avg=185.5ms  min=150ms   med=180ms   max=250ms   p(90)=210ms   p(95)=230ms
       { expected_response:true }...: avg=185.5ms  min=150ms   med=180ms   max=250ms   p(90)=210ms   p(95)=230ms
     http_req_failed................: 0.00%   ✓ 0         ✗ 100
     http_req_receiving.............: avg=1.2ms    min=50µs    med=1ms     max=5ms     p(90)=2ms     p(95)=3ms
     http_req_sending...............: avg=50µs     min=10µs    med=40µs    max=200µs   p(90)=80µs    p(95)=100µs
     http_req_tls_handshaking.......: avg=0s       min=0s      med=0s      max=0s      p(90)=0s      p(95)=0s
     http_req_waiting...............: avg=184ms    min=149ms   med=179ms   max=248ms   p(90)=209ms   p(95)=228ms
     http_reqs......................: 100     3.333333/s
     iteration_duration.............: avg=1.19s    min=1.15s   med=1.18s   max=1.25s   p(90)=1.21s   p(95)=1.23s
     iterations.....................: 100     3.333333/s
     vus............................: 10      min=10      max=10
     vus_max........................: 10      min=10      max=10

The ✓ symbol indicates passing checks or thresholds, while ✗ indicates failures.

Built-in metrics

k6 automatically collects these metrics for every test:

HTTP metrics

Request Timing
Connection
Success & Volume

http_req_duration

Description: Total time for the request (sending + waiting + receiving)
Type: Trend
Key metric: This is your primary latency metric
What to look for: p(95) and p(99) values under your target (e.g., < 500ms)

http_req_waiting

Description: Time spent waiting for response (server processing time)
Type: Trend
What to look for: High values indicate slow server processing

http_req_sending

Description: Time spent sending request data
Type: Trend
What to look for: High values may indicate network issues

http_req_receiving

Description: Time spent receiving response data
Type: Trend
What to look for: High values for large responses are normal

http_req_connecting

Description: Time spent establishing TCP connection
Type: Trend
What to look for: Should be 0s for keep-alive connections

http_req_tls_handshaking

Description: Time spent on TLS handshake
Type: Trend
What to look for: Should be 0s after initial connection

http_req_blocked

Description: Time spent waiting for a free TCP connection
Type: Trend
What to look for: High values indicate connection pool exhaustion

http_req_failed

Description: Rate of failed requests
Type: Rate
What to look for: Should be < 1% (0.01)

http_reqs

Description: Total HTTP requests per second
Type: Counter
What to look for: Throughput metric

data_received

Description: Amount of data received
Type: Counter
What to look for: Bandwidth consumption

data_sent

Description: Amount of data sent
Type: Counter
What to look for: Upload bandwidth usage

Test execution metrics

iterations

Description: Number of times the default function completed
Type: Counter
What to look for: Total test iterations and rate (iterations/s)

iteration_duration

Description: Time to complete one iteration
Type: Trend
What to look for: Should include all requests + sleep time

vus

Description: Number of active virtual users
Type: Gauge
What to look for: Current load level

vus_max

Description: Maximum possible number of virtual users
Type: Gauge
What to look for: Allocated VU capacity

Understanding metric statistics

For Trend metrics (like http_req_duration), k6 reports several statistics:

Metric Statistics Explained

avg - Average (mean) value

Quick overview but can be misleading with outliers

min - Minimum value observed

Best-case performance

med - Median (50th percentile)

Middle value; more representative than average

max - Maximum value observed

Worst-case performance

p(90) - 90th percentile

90% of requests were faster than this

p(95) - 95th percentile

Common SLA target
95% of requests were faster than this

p(99) - 99th percentile

Catches most outliers
Important for user experience

p(99.9) - 99.9th percentile

Only the worst 0.1% of requests exceed this

Focus on percentiles (p95, p99) rather than averages. A low average with high p95/p99 indicates many users experience poor performance.

Configure summary statistics

Customize which statistics k6 displays:

k6 run --summary-trend-stats="med,p(95),p(99.9)" script.js

This displays only median, p95, and p99.9 values, reducing clutter.

Checks and validations

Checks validate responses without stopping test execution. They appear in the summary as pass/fail rates:

import http from 'k6/http';
import { check } from 'k6';

export default function () {
  const res = http.get('https://quickpizza.grafana.com');
  
  check(res, {
    'status is 200': (r) => r.status === 200,
    'response time < 500ms': (r) => r.timings.duration < 500,
    'body is not empty': (r) => r.body.length > 0,
  });
}

Results show the pass rate for each check:

  ✓ status is 200
  ✗ response time < 500ms
  ✓ body is not empty

  checks.........................: 66.67% ✓ 200  ✗ 100

Checks don’t affect test execution. Use thresholds to fail tests based on performance criteria.

Thresholds for pass/fail criteria

Thresholds define performance requirements. If thresholds fail, k6 exits with a non-zero code:

export const options = {
  thresholds: {
    // 95% of requests must complete under 500ms
    'http_req_duration': ['p(95)<500'],
    
    // Error rate must be below 1%
    'http_req_failed': ['rate<0.01'],
    
    // 90% of checks must pass
    'checks': ['rate>0.9'],
    
    // Throughput must be at least 100 req/s
    'http_reqs': ['rate>100'],
  },
};

Threshold results appear at the end of the summary:

     ✓ http_req_duration............: p(95)<500ms
     ✓ http_req_failed..............: rate<0.01
     ✗ checks.......................: rate>0.9

Failed thresholds cause k6 to exit with code 99, failing CI/CD pipelines. Use this to enforce performance requirements.

Custom metrics

Create metrics that track business-specific data:

import http from 'k6/http';
import { Counter, Trend, Rate, Gauge } from 'k6/metrics';

// Define custom metrics
const orderCounter = new Counter('pizza_orders');
const checkoutDuration = new Trend('checkout_duration');
const checkoutSuccess = new Rate('checkout_success');
const cartSize = new Gauge('cart_items');

export const options = {
  thresholds: {
    'checkout_duration': ['p(95)<2000'],
    'checkout_success': ['rate>0.95'],
  },
};

export default function () {
  const start = Date.now();
  
  const res = http.post('https://quickpizza.grafana.com/api/order', JSON.stringify({
    items: ['margherita', 'pepperoni'],
  }), {
    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
  });
  
  const duration = Date.now() - start;
  const success = res.status === 200;
  
  // Record custom metrics
  checkoutDuration.add(duration);
  checkoutSuccess.add(success);
  cartSize.add(2);
  
  if (success) {
    orderCounter.add(1);
  }
}

Custom metrics appear in the summary alongside built-in metrics.

Exporting results

For detailed analysis, export metrics to external systems.

JSON file

Export all metrics to a JSON file:

k6 run --out json=results.json script.js

This creates a file with one JSON object per metric data point.

CSV file

Export metrics to CSV format:

k6 run --out csv=results.csv script.js

Multiple outputs

Send results to multiple destinations:

k6 run \
  --out json=results.json \
  --out influxdb=http://localhost:8086/k6 \
  script.js

InfluxDB
Prometheus
Cloud
Other

Stream results to InfluxDB for time-series analysis:

k6 run --out influxdb=http://localhost:8086/k6 script.js

Visualize in Grafana using k6 dashboards.

Export metrics to Prometheus:

k6 run --out experimental-prometheus-rw script.js

Requires Prometheus remote write enabled.

Stream results to Grafana Cloud k6:

k6 run --out cloud script.js

Requires authentication and provides advanced visualization.

Custom summary report

Create custom end-of-test reports using handleSummary():

import http from 'k6/http';
import { textSummary } from 'https://jslib.k6.io/k6-summary/0.0.1/index.js';

export const options = {
  vus: 10,
  duration: '30s',
};

export default function () {
  http.get('https://quickpizza.grafana.com');
}

export function handleSummary(data) {
  return {
    'stdout': textSummary(data, { indent: ' ', enableColors: true }),
    'summary.json': JSON.stringify(data),
    'summary.html': htmlReport(data),
  };
}

function htmlReport(data) {
  const html = `
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head><title>k6 Test Results</title></head>
    <body>
      <h1>Load Test Results</h1>
      <p>Total Requests: ${data.metrics.http_reqs.values.count}</p>
      <p>Failed Requests: ${data.metrics.http_req_failed.values.rate}</p>
      <p>Avg Duration: ${data.metrics.http_req_duration.values.avg}ms</p>
    </body>
    </html>
  `;
  return html;
}

This creates:

Terminal output (stdout)
JSON summary file
HTML report

Real-time results

Monitor test progress in real-time using the web dashboard:

K6_WEB_DASHBOARD=true k6 run script.js

Open the provided URL in your browser to see live metrics during test execution.

The web dashboard is built into k6 and requires no additional setup.

Analyzing results

When reviewing test results, focus on:

Check error rate

Ensure http_req_failed is below your acceptable threshold (typically < 1%).

Review response times

Look at p95 and p99 of http_req_duration. These represent user experience better than averages.

Verify thresholds

Check if all thresholds passed. Failed thresholds indicate performance issues.

Examine checks

Review check pass rates. Low rates indicate functional issues.

Compare trends

Run tests regularly and compare results over time to detect performance regressions.

Common issues

High http_req_duration with low http_req_waiting

Network latency or connection overhead is high. Check http_req_connecting and http_req_tls_handshaking.

High http_req_blocked values

Connection pool exhausted. Increase batch parallelism or check keep-alive settings.

Increasing response times over time

System degradation. Could indicate memory leaks, resource exhaustion, or insufficient capacity.

Failed requests increasing with load

System cannot handle the load. Scale infrastructure or optimize application.

Next steps

Now that you understand k6 results:

Metrics Guide

Deep dive into all k6 metrics and metric types

Thresholds

Learn advanced threshold configurations

Result Outputs

Explore all result export options

Grafana Dashboards

Visualize results in Grafana

Introduction

Quick Start

Understanding k6 Results

Understanding k6 results

End-of-test summary

Running a test

Example output

Built-in metrics

HTTP metrics

Test execution metrics

Understanding metric statistics

Configure summary statistics

Checks and validations

Thresholds for pass/fail criteria

Custom metrics

Exporting results

JSON file

CSV file

Multiple outputs

Custom summary report

Real-time results

Analyzing results

Common issues

Next steps

Metrics Guide

Thresholds

Result Outputs

Grafana Dashboards

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Introduction

Quick Start

​Understanding k6 results

​End-of-test summary

​Running a test

​Example output

​Built-in metrics

​HTTP metrics

​Test execution metrics

​Understanding metric statistics

​Configure summary statistics

​Checks and validations

​Thresholds for pass/fail criteria

​Custom metrics

​Exporting results

​JSON file

​CSV file

​Multiple outputs

​Custom summary report

​Real-time results

​Analyzing results

​Common issues

​Next steps

Metrics Guide

Thresholds

Result Outputs

Grafana Dashboards

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Understanding k6 results

End-of-test summary

Running a test

Example output

Built-in metrics

HTTP metrics

Test execution metrics

Understanding metric statistics

Configure summary statistics

Checks and validations

Thresholds for pass/fail criteria

Custom metrics

Exporting results

JSON file

CSV file

Multiple outputs

Custom summary report

Real-time results

Analyzing results

Common issues

Next steps