Database Setup

Overview

Tesis Rutas uses MongoDB as its database. You can use either a local MongoDB installation or MongoDB Atlas (cloud-hosted).

Option 1: Local MongoDB

Installation

Ubuntu/Debian
macOS
Windows
Docker

# Import MongoDB public key
wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-7.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -

# Add repository
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs)/mongodb-org/7.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-7.0.list

# Install
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org

# Start MongoDB
sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod

# Using Homebrew
brew tap mongodb/brew
brew install [email protected]

# Start MongoDB
brew services start [email protected]

# Run MongoDB in Docker
docker run -d \
  --name mongodb \
  -p 27017:27017 \
  -v mongodb_data:/data/db \
  mongo:7.0

# Verify it's running
docker ps

Verify Installation

# Connect to MongoDB shell
mongosh

# You should see:
# Current Mongosh Log ID: ...
# Connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/
# Using MongoDB: 7.0.x

Configuration

Update src/config/local_config.json:

{
  "MONGO_URI": "mongodb://localhost:27017",
  "MONGO_DB": "turismo_digital_uce"
}

Option 2: MongoDB Atlas (Cloud)

Create MongoDB Atlas account

Go to mongodb.com/cloud/atlas
Sign up for a free account
Create a new cluster (M0 Free tier is sufficient for development)

Configure network access

In Atlas dashboard, go to Network Access
Click Add IP Address
For development, choose Allow Access from Anywhere (0.0.0.0/0)

In production, restrict access to specific IP addresses.

Create database user

Go to Database Access
Click Add New Database User
Choose Password authentication
Set username and password
Grant Read and Write permissions

Get connection string

Go to Database → Connect
Choose Connect your application
Copy the connection string:

mongodb+srv://<username>:<password>@cluster0.xxxxx.mongodb.net/?retryWrites=true&w=majority

Update configuration

Add to src/config/local_config.json:

{
  "MONGO_URI": "mongodb+srv://username:[email protected]/?retryWrites=true&w=majority",
  "MONGO_DB": "turismo_digital_uce"
}

Replace username and password with your database user credentials.

Database Schema

The application uses the following collections:

destinos (Destinations)

Stores tourist destinations and points of interest.

{
  "_id": "ObjectId",
  "nombre": "Basílica del Voto Nacional",
  "ubicacion": "Centro Histórico de Quito",
  "importancia": "Patrimonio religioso y arquitectónico",
  "coordenadas": {
    "latitud": -0.2149,
    "longitud": -78.5087
  },
  "anio_construccion": [1892, 1924],
  "arquitecto": "Emilio Tarlier",
  "area_construccion": 15000.0,
  "funcion": "Templo religioso",
  "multimedia": [
    {
      "url": "https://res.cloudinary.com/.../image.jpg",
      "tipo": "imagen",
      "descripcion": "Vista exterior"
    }
  ],
  "fecha_creacion": "2024-03-05T10:30:00Z",
  "activo": true
}

usuarios (Users)

Stores user accounts and authentication data.

{
  "_id": "ObjectId",
  "nombre": "Juan Pérez",
  "email": "[email protected]",
  "password_hash": "$2b$12$...",
  "rol": "visitante",
  "favoritos": ["destino_id_1", "destino_id_2"],
  "rutas_recorridas": ["ruta_id_1"],
  "pois_visitados": ["poi_id_1"],
  "fecha_creacion": "2024-03-01T08:00:00Z"
}

Roles:

admin - Full access (create/edit/delete destinations)
editor - Can edit and change destination status
visitante - Read-only, can save favorites

rutas (Routes)

Stores tourist routes and itineraries.

{
  "_id": "ObjectId",
  "nombre": "Ruta del Centro Histórico",
  "descripcion": "Tour por los principales monumentos",
  "pois": [
    {
      "destino_id": "ObjectId",
      "orden": 1
    },
    {
      "destino_id": "ObjectId",
      "orden": 2
    }
  ],
  "distancia_total": 3.5,
  "duracion_estimada": 120,
  "fecha_creacion": "2024-03-05T14:00:00Z"
}

MongoDB Connection

The application uses a singleton pattern for database connections:

src/infrastructure/database/mongo_config.py

from pymongo import MongoClient, errors
from src.config.settings import get_settings

settings = get_settings()

class MongoDBConnection:
    _client = None
    _db = None

    @classmethod
    def connect(cls):
        if cls._client is None:
            try:
                print("🔗 Conectando a MongoDB Atlas...")
                cls._client = MongoClient(
                    settings.mongo_uri, 
                    serverSelectionTimeoutMS=5000
                )
                cls._db = cls._client[settings.mongo_db]
                cls._client.admin.command('ping')
                print(f"✅ Conectado a MongoDB ({settings.mongo_db}) correctamente.")
            except errors.ServerSelectionTimeoutError:
                print("❌ Error: No se pudo conectar a MongoDB (timeout).")
        return cls._db

    @classmethod
    def get_db(cls):
        if cls._db is None:
            cls.connect()
        return cls._db

def get_database():
    return MongoDBConnection.get_db()

Database Operations

Using MongoDB Shell

# Connect to MongoDB
mongosh

# Switch to database
use turismo_digital_uce

# Show all collections
show collections

# Find all destinations
db.destinos.find().pretty()

# Find one destination
db.destinos.findOne({nombre: "Basílica del Voto Nacional"})

# Count documents
db.destinos.countDocuments()

# Create index on coordinates
db.destinos.createIndex({"coordenadas.latitud": 1, "coordenadas.longitud": 1})

Using Python

from src.infrastructure.database.mongo_config import get_database

# Get database connection
db = get_database()

# Insert document
db.destinos.insert_one({
    "nombre": "Test Destination",
    "ubicacion": "Quito",
    "coordenadas": {"latitud": -0.22, "longitud": -78.51}
})

# Find documents
results = db.destinos.find({"activo": True})
for doc in results:
    print(doc["nombre"])

# Update document
db.destinos.update_one(
    {"nombre": "Test Destination"},
    {"$set": {"activo": False}}
)

# Delete document
db.destinos.delete_one({"nombre": "Test Destination"})

Indexes

For optimal performance, create these indexes:

// Geospatial index for location queries
db.destinos.createIndex({"coordenadas.latitud": 1, "coordenadas.longitud": 1})

// Text search on destination names
db.destinos.createIndex({"nombre": "text", "ubicacion": "text"})

// User email (unique)
db.usuarios.createIndex({"email": 1}, {unique: true})

// Active destinations
db.destinos.createIndex({"activo": 1})

Backup and Restore

Export database

mongodump --uri="mongodb://localhost:27017/turismo_digital_uce" --out=./backup

Import database

mongorestore --uri="mongodb://localhost:27017/turismo_digital_uce" ./backup/turismo_digital_uce

Troubleshooting

Connection timeout

Local MongoDB:

# Check if MongoDB is running
sudo systemctl status mongod

# Restart MongoDB
sudo systemctl restart mongod

MongoDB Atlas:

Verify IP whitelist includes your IP
Check username/password in connection string
Ensure cluster is not paused

Authentication failed

Local MongoDB:

# Create admin user
mongosh
use admin
db.createUser({
  user: "admin",
  pwd: "password",
  roles: ["root"]
})

Update URI: mongodb://admin:password@localhost:27017/

Database not created

MongoDB creates databases lazily. The database will appear after inserting the first document:

db = get_database()
db.destinos.insert_one({"test": "data"})

Port 27017 already in use

# Find process using port
sudo lsof -i :27017

# Kill the process
sudo kill -9 <PID>

# Or change MongoDB port in /etc/mongod.conf

Setup

Development

Integration

Overview

Option 1: Local MongoDB

Installation

Verify Installation

Configuration

Option 2: MongoDB Atlas (Cloud)

Database Schema

destinos (Destinations)

usuarios (Users)

rutas (Routes)

MongoDB Connection

Database Operations

Using MongoDB Shell

Using Python

Indexes

Backup and Restore

Export database

Import database

Troubleshooting

Next Steps

Backend Setup

Frontend Setup

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Setup

Development

Integration

​Overview

​Option 1: Local MongoDB

​Installation

​Verify Installation

​Configuration

​Option 2: MongoDB Atlas (Cloud)

​Database Schema

​destinos (Destinations)

​usuarios (Users)

​rutas (Routes)

​MongoDB Connection

​Database Operations

​Using MongoDB Shell

​Using Python

​Indexes

​Backup and Restore

​Export database

​Import database

​Troubleshooting

​Next Steps

Backend Setup

Frontend Setup

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Overview

Option 1: Local MongoDB

Installation

Verify Installation

Configuration

Option 2: MongoDB Atlas (Cloud)

Database Schema

destinos (Destinations)

usuarios (Users)

rutas (Routes)

MongoDB Connection

Database Operations

Using MongoDB Shell

Using Python

Indexes

Backup and Restore

Export database

Import database

Troubleshooting

Next Steps