Testing - Medical Appointment Management API

Testing Overview

Testing ensures your API works correctly and continues to work as you make changes. This guide covers various testing approaches for the Medical Appointment Management API.

Testing with Scalar UI

The easiest way to test the API is through the built-in Scalar documentation interface.

Access Scalar

Start the API and navigate to:

https://localhost:5001/scalar/v1

Testing Workflow

Select an endpoint

Click on any endpoint in the left sidebar (e.g., POST /api/Paciente)

Fill in the request body

Enter test data in the request body editor:

{
  "nombre": "Test",
  "apellido": "Patient",
  "dni": "12345678A",
  "email": "[email protected]",
  "telefono": "+34600123456",
  "fechaNacimiento": "1990-01-01"
}

Send the request

Click the Send Request button

Inspect the response

View the response status code, headers, and body

Advantages of Scalar

No additional tools needed
Automatic documentation sync
Request/response schema validation
Code generation for multiple languages
Beautiful, modern interface

Testing with cURL

For command-line testing or automation, use cURL.

GET Requests

List all patients:

curl https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente

Get a specific patient:

curl https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente/1

POST Requests

Create a new specialty:

curl -X POST https://localhost:5001/api/Especialidad \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "nombre": "Cardiología"
  }'

Create a new patient:

curl -X POST https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "nombre": "María",
    "apellido": "García",
    "dni": "87654321B",
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "telefono": "+34600111222",
    "fechaNacimiento": "1985-05-20"
  }'

PUT Requests

Update a patient:

curl -X PUT https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente/1 \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "nombre": "María",
    "apellido": "García López",
    "dni": "87654321B",
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "telefono": "+34600111222",
    "fechaNacimiento": "1985-05-20"
  }'

DELETE Requests

Delete a patient:

curl -X DELETE https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente/1

Pretty-Print JSON Responses

Pipe cURL output through jq for formatted JSON:

curl https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente | jq

Testing with HTTPie

HTTPie provides a more user-friendly alternative to cURL.

Installation

# macOS
brew install httpie

# Linux
sudo apt-get install httpie

# Python (all platforms)
pip install httpie

Usage Examples

GET request:

http https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente

POST request:

http POST https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente \
  nombre="Juan" \
  apellido="Pérez" \
  dni="11223344C" \
  email="[email protected]" \
  fechaNacimiento="1992-03-10"

PUT request:

http PUT https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente/1 \
  nombre="Juan" \
  apellido="Pérez Martínez" \
  dni="11223344C" \
  email="[email protected]" \
  fechaNacimiento="1992-03-10"

DELETE request:

http DELETE https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente/1

Testing with Postman

Postman is a popular GUI tool for API testing.

Setup

Download Postman from postman.com
Create a new collection called “Medical Appointment API”
Add the base URL as a collection variable: {{baseUrl}} = https://localhost:5001

Creating Requests

Click New Request
Set method (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE)
Enter URL: {{baseUrl}}/api/Paciente
For POST/PUT, go to Body → raw → JSON and enter your data
Click Send

Environment Variables

Create environments for different stages: Development:

baseUrl = https://localhost:5001

Production:

baseUrl = https://api.yourapp.com

Collection Runner

Run multiple requests in sequence:

Click Runner in Postman
Select your collection
Click Run

This is useful for end-to-end testing scenarios.

Unit Testing Services

Test services independently without HTTP infrastructure.

Setup xUnit

dotnet add package xunit
dotnet add package xunit.runner.visualstudio
dotnet add package Microsoft.NET.Test.Sdk
dotnet add package Moq

Example: Testing PacienteService

Tests/PacienteServiceTests.cs

using Xunit;
using preliminarServicios.Services;
using preliminarServicios.Models.Dtos;

namespace preliminarServicios.Tests;

public class PacienteServiceTests
{
    [Fact]
    public void ObtenerPacientes_ReturnsEmptyList_WhenNoPacientes()
    {
        // Arrange
        var service = new PacienteService();

        // Act
        var result = service.ObtenerPacientes();

        // Assert
        Assert.Empty(result);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void AgregarPaciente_CreatesPatientWithId()
    {
        // Arrange
        var service = new PacienteService();
        var dto = new CreatePacienteDto
        {
            Nombre = "Test",
            Apellido = "User",
            Dni = "12345678A",
            Email = "[email protected]",
            FechaNacimiento = new DateOnly(1990, 1, 1)
        };

        // Act
        var result = service.AgregarPaciente(dto);

        // Assert
        Assert.NotEqual(0, result.Id);
        Assert.Equal("Test", result.Nombre);
        Assert.Equal("User", result.Apellido);
    }

    [Fact]
    public void AgregarPaciente_ThrowsException_WhenDniDuplicate()
    {
        // Arrange
        var service = new PacienteService();
        var dto = new CreatePacienteDto
        {
            Nombre = "Test",
            Apellido = "User",
            Dni = "12345678A",
            Email = "[email protected]",
            FechaNacimiento = new DateOnly(1990, 1, 1)
        };
        service.AgregarPaciente(dto);

        var duplicateDto = new CreatePacienteDto
        {
            Nombre = "Another",
            Apellido = "User",
            Dni = "12345678A",
            Email = "[email protected]",
            FechaNacimiento = new DateOnly(1995, 5, 5)
        };

        // Act & Assert
        Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => service.AgregarPaciente(duplicateDto));
    }

    [Fact]
    public void ObtenerPaciente_ThrowsKeyNotFoundException_WhenIdNotExists()
    {
        // Arrange
        var service = new PacienteService();

        // Act & Assert
        Assert.Throws<KeyNotFoundException>(() => service.ObtenerPaciente(999));
    }
}

Run Unit Tests

dotnet test

Output:

Passed! - Failed: 0, Passed: 4, Skipped: 0, Total: 4

Integration Testing Controllers

Test the full HTTP request/response cycle.

Setup

dotnet add package Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing

Example: Testing PacienteController

Tests/PacienteControllerTests.cs

using System.Net.Http.Json;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc.Testing;
using preliminarServicios.Models.Dtos;
using preliminarServicios.Models.Entities;
using Xunit;

namespace preliminarServicios.Tests;

public class PacienteControllerTests : IClassFixture<WebApplicationFactory<Program>>
{
    private readonly HttpClient _client;

    public PacienteControllerTests(WebApplicationFactory<Program> factory)
    {
        _client = factory.CreateClient();
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task GetPacientes_ReturnsOkAndEmptyList()
    {
        // Act
        var response = await _client.GetAsync("/api/Paciente");

        // Assert
        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
        var pacientes = await response.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<List<Paciente>>();
        Assert.NotNull(pacientes);
        Assert.Empty(pacientes);
    }

    [Fact]
    public async Task CreatePaciente_ReturnsCreated()
    {
        // Arrange
        var dto = new CreatePacienteDto
        {
            Nombre = "Test",
            Apellido = "Patient",
            Dni = "99887766D",
            Email = "[email protected]",
            FechaNacimiento = new DateOnly(1988, 8, 8)
        };

        // Act
        var response = await _client.PostAsJsonAsync("/api/Paciente", dto);

        // Assert
        Assert.Equal(HttpStatusCode.Created, response.StatusCode);
        var paciente = await response.Content.ReadFromJsonAsync<Paciente>();
        Assert.NotNull(paciente);
        Assert.Equal("Test", paciente.Nombre);
    }
}

Test Data Management

Creating Test Data

Create helper methods for generating test data:

Tests/TestDataFactory.cs

public static class TestDataFactory
{
    public static CreatePacienteDto CreatePacienteDto(
        string nombre = "Test",
        string apellido = "Patient",
        string dni = "12345678A",
        string email = "[email protected]")
    {
        return new CreatePacienteDto
        {
            Nombre = nombre,
            Apellido = apellido,
            Dni = dni,
            Email = email,
            FechaNacimiento = new DateOnly(1990, 1, 1)
        };
    }

    public static CreateMedicoDto CreateMedicoDto(int especialidadId = 1)
    {
        return new CreateMedicoDto
        {
            Nombre = "Dr. Test",
            Apellido = "Doctor",
            NumeroLicencia = "LIC-TEST-001",
            EspecialidadId = especialidadId
        };
    }
}

Use in tests:

[Fact]
public void Test_WithTestData()
{
    var pacienteDto = TestDataFactory.CreatePacienteDto(dni: "11111111A");
    var result = _service.AgregarPaciente(pacienteDto);
    // ...
}

End-to-End Testing Scenarios

Scenario: Complete Appointment Booking

Complete appointment workflow

#!/bin/bash

BASE_URL="https://localhost:5001"

# 1. Create specialty
echo "Creating specialty..."
ESPECIALIDAD=$(curl -s -X POST "$BASE_URL/api/Especialidad" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"nombre": "Medicina General"}')
ESPECIALIDAD_ID=$(echo $ESPECIALIDAD | jq -r '.id')
echo "Created specialty with ID: $ESPECIALIDAD_ID"

# 2. Create doctor
echo "Creating doctor..."
MEDICO=$(curl -s -X POST "$BASE_URL/api/Medico" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "{
    \"nombre\": \"Dr. Juan\",
    \"apellido\": \"Pérez\",
    \"numeroLicencia\": \"MED-001\",
    \"especialidadId\": $ESPECIALIDAD_ID
  }")
MEDICO_ID=$(echo $MEDICO | jq -r '.id')
echo "Created doctor with ID: $MEDICO_ID"

# 3. Create patient
echo "Creating patient..."
PACIENTE=$(curl -s -X POST "$BASE_URL/api/Paciente" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "nombre": "María",
    "apellido": "García",
    "dni": "12345678A",
    "email": "[email protected]",
    "fechaNacimiento": "1985-03-15"
  }')
PACIENTE_ID=$(echo $PACIENTE | jq -r '.id')
echo "Created patient with ID: $PACIENTE_ID"

# 4. Create appointment
echo "Creating appointment..."
CITA=$(curl -s -X POST "$BASE_URL/api/Cita" \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d "{
    \"pacienteId\": $PACIENTE_ID,
    \"medicoId\": $MEDICO_ID,
    \"costo\": 50.00,
    \"motivo\": \"Consulta general\",
    \"fechaInicio\": \"2024-04-01T10:00:00\",
    \"fechaFin\": \"2024-04-01T10:30:00\",
    \"estado\": 0
  }")
CITA_ID=$(echo $CITA | jq -r '.id')
echo "Created appointment with ID: $CITA_ID"

# 5. Verify appointment
echo "Verifying appointment..."
curl -s "$BASE_URL/api/Cita/$CITA_ID" | jq

echo "End-to-end test completed successfully!"

Performance Testing

Using Apache Bench

Test API performance:

# Install Apache Bench (comes with Apache HTTP Server)
# macOS: included
# Linux: sudo apt-get install apache2-utils

# Test GET endpoint with 1000 requests, 10 concurrent
ab -n 1000 -c 10 https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente

Using wrk

# Install wrk
brew install wrk  # macOS
sudo apt-get install wrk  # Linux

# Run load test
wrk -t4 -c100 -d30s https://localhost:5001/api/Paciente

Test Coverage

Generate Code Coverage Report

# Install coverage tool
dotnet add package coverlet.collector

# Run tests with coverage
dotnet test /p:CollectCoverage=true /p:CoverletOutputFormat=opencover

# Generate HTML report
reportgenerator -reports:coverage.opencover.xml -targetdir:coverage-report

Best Practices

Test Business Logic

Focus unit tests on service layer where business logic lives

Use Integration Tests

Test full HTTP flow for critical user journeys

Arrange-Act-Assert

Structure tests clearly: setup, execute, verify

Meaningful Test Names

Use descriptive names: Method_Scenario_ExpectedResult

Test Edge Cases

Test null values, empty lists, invalid input

Isolate Tests

Each test should be independent and repeatable

Common Test Scenarios

Validation Testing

[Theory]
[InlineData("", "Apellido", "12345678A", "[email protected]")] // Empty nombre
[InlineData("Nombre", "", "12345678A", "[email protected]")] // Empty apellido
[InlineData("Nombre", "Apellido", "123", "[email protected]")] // Invalid DNI
[InlineData("Nombre", "Apellido", "12345678A", "invalid-email")] // Invalid email
public void AgregarPaciente_ThrowsException_WithInvalidData(
    string nombre, string apellido, string dni, string email)
{
    var service = new PacienteService();
    var dto = new CreatePacienteDto
    {
        Nombre = nombre,
        Apellido = apellido,
        Dni = dni,
        Email = email,
        FechaNacimiento = new DateOnly(1990, 1, 1)
    };

    Assert.Throws<ValidationException>(() => service.AgregarPaciente(dto));
}

Conflict Detection Testing

[Fact]
public void AgregarCita_ThrowsException_WhenDoctorHasConflict()
{
    var service = new CitaService(_pacienteService, _medicoService);
    
    // Create first appointment
    var dto1 = new CreateCitaDto
    {
        PacienteId = 1,
        MedicoId = 1,
        Costo = 50,
        Motivo = "Consulta",
        FechaInicio = new DateTime(2024, 4, 1, 10, 0, 0),
        FechaFin = new DateTime(2024, 4, 1, 10, 30, 0),
        Estado = CitaEstado.Pendiente
    };
    service.AgregarCita(dto1);
    
    // Try to create overlapping appointment
    var dto2 = new CreateCitaDto
    {
        PacienteId = 2,
        MedicoId = 1, // Same doctor
        Costo = 50,
        Motivo = "Consulta",
        FechaInicio = new DateTime(2024, 4, 1, 10, 15, 0), // Overlaps
        FechaFin = new DateTime(2024, 4, 1, 10, 45, 0),
        Estado = CitaEstado.Pendiente
    };
    
    Assert.Throws<InvalidOperationException>(() => service.AgregarCita(dto2));
}

Continuous Integration

Add testing to your CI/CD pipeline:

.github/workflows/test.yml

name: Run Tests

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
      - name: Setup .NET
        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v3
        with:
          dotnet-version: '10.0.x'
      - name: Restore dependencies
        run: dotnet restore
      - name: Build
        run: dotnet build --no-restore
      - name: Test
        run: dotnet test --no-build --verbosity normal

Next Steps

Development Guide

Learn how to extend the API

Architecture

Understand the system design

API Reference

Explore all endpoints

Services

Deep dive into service patterns

Get Started

Core Concepts

Guides

​Testing Overview

​Testing with Scalar UI

​Access Scalar

​Testing Workflow

​Advantages of Scalar

​Testing with cURL

​GET Requests

​POST Requests

​PUT Requests

​DELETE Requests

​Pretty-Print JSON Responses

​Testing with HTTPie

​Installation

​Usage Examples

​Testing with Postman

​Setup

​Creating Requests

​Environment Variables

​Collection Runner

​Unit Testing Services

​Setup xUnit

​Example: Testing PacienteService

​Run Unit Tests

​Integration Testing Controllers

​Setup

​Example: Testing PacienteController

​Test Data Management

​Creating Test Data

​End-to-End Testing Scenarios

​Scenario: Complete Appointment Booking

​Performance Testing

​Using Apache Bench

​Using wrk

​Test Coverage

​Generate Code Coverage Report

​Best Practices

Test Business Logic

Use Integration Tests

Arrange-Act-Assert

Meaningful Test Names

Test Edge Cases

Isolate Tests

​Common Test Scenarios

​Validation Testing

​Conflict Detection Testing

​Continuous Integration

​Next Steps

Development Guide

Architecture

API Reference

Services

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Testing Overview

Testing with Scalar UI

Access Scalar

Testing Workflow

Advantages of Scalar

Testing with cURL

GET Requests

POST Requests

PUT Requests

DELETE Requests

Pretty-Print JSON Responses

Testing with HTTPie

Installation

Usage Examples

Testing with Postman

Setup

Creating Requests

Environment Variables

Collection Runner

Unit Testing Services

Setup xUnit

Example: Testing PacienteService

Run Unit Tests

Integration Testing Controllers

Setup

Example: Testing PacienteController

Test Data Management

Creating Test Data

End-to-End Testing Scenarios

Scenario: Complete Appointment Booking

Performance Testing

Using Apache Bench

Using wrk

Test Coverage

Generate Code Coverage Report

Best Practices

Common Test Scenarios

Validation Testing

Conflict Detection Testing

Continuous Integration

Next Steps