Memory

Memory enables chat engines to maintain conversation context across multiple turns. LlamaIndex provides a flexible memory system with short-term, long-term, and specialized memory blocks.

Overview

The Memory class manages conversation history and ensures messages fit within the LLM’s context window:

import { Memory } from "@llamaindex/core/memory";
import type { ChatMessage } from "@llamaindex/core/llms";

const memory = new Memory();

// Add messages
await memory.add({ role: "user", content: "Hello!" });
await memory.add({ role: "assistant", content: "Hi! How can I help?" });

// Retrieve messages for LLM
const messages: ChatMessage[] = await memory.getLLM();

Basic Usage

Create memory with default settings:

import { Memory } from "@llamaindex/core/memory";
import { Settings } from "llamaindex";

const memory = new Memory([], {
  tokenLimit: 30000,           // Default: 30k tokens
  llm: Settings.llm,            // Use global LLM
});

// Add user and assistant messages
await memory.add({
  role: "user",
  content: "What is LlamaIndex?",
});

await memory.add({
  role: "assistant",
  content: "LlamaIndex is a data framework for LLM applications.",
});

// Get messages within token limit
const messages = await memory.getLLM();
console.log(messages.length); // 2

Memory Adapters

Memory supports different message formats through adapters:

LlamaIndex Format (Default)

const messages = await memory.get({ type: "llamaindex" });
// Returns: ChatMessage[]

Vercel AI SDK Format

import type { Message } from "ai";

const messages = await memory.get({ type: "vercel" });
// Returns: Message[] (Vercel AI SDK format)

Custom Adapters

import { MessageAdapter } from "@llamaindex/core/memory/adapter";

class CustomAdapter implements MessageAdapter<MyMessageType, {}> {
  isCompatible(message: unknown): boolean {
    return typeof message === "object" && "text" in message;
  }

  toMemory(message: MyMessageType): MemoryMessage {
    return {
      id: generateId(),
      role: message.role,
      content: message.text,
      createdAt: new Date(),
    };
  }

  fromMemory(message: MemoryMessage): MyMessageType {
    return {
      role: message.role,
      text: message.content,
    };
  }
}

const memory = new Memory([], {
  customAdapters: {
    custom: new CustomAdapter(),
  },
});

Context Window Management

Memory automatically manages token limits:

const memory = new Memory([], {
  tokenLimit: 4000,
  shortTermTokenLimitRatio: 0.7, // 70% for short-term, 30% for long-term
});

// Add many messages
for (let i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
  await memory.add({
    role: i % 2 === 0 ? "user" : "assistant",
    content: `Message ${i}`,
  });
}

// Only recent messages within token limit are returned
const messages = await memory.getLLM();
console.log(messages.length); // Fits within 4000 tokens

Dynamic Token Limits

Token limits adapt to the LLM’s context window:

import { OpenAI } from "@llamaindex/openai";

const llm = new OpenAI({ model: "gpt-4-turbo" });

const memory = new Memory([], { llm });

// Token limit = 70% of LLM's context window
const messages = await memory.getLLM(llm);

Memory Blocks

Memory blocks provide specialized long-term memory storage:

Vector Memory Block

Stores conversations in a vector store for semantic retrieval:

import { VectorMemoryBlock } from "@llamaindex/core/memory/block";
import { SimpleVectorStore } from "llamaindex/vector-store";
import { OpenAIEmbedding } from "@llamaindex/openai";

const vectorBlock = new VectorMemoryBlock({
  id: "user-123-memory",
  vectorStore: new SimpleVectorStore(),
  embedModel: new OpenAIEmbedding(),
  priority: 1,              // Higher priority = included first
  isLongTerm: true,         // Stores processed messages long-term
  retrievalContextWindow: 5, // Use last 5 messages for retrieval
  queryOptions: {
    similarityTopK: 2,
    sessionFilterKey: "session_id",
  },
});

const memory = new Memory([], {
  memoryBlocks: [vectorBlock],
});

// Messages are automatically stored in vector memory
await memory.add({ role: "user", content: "I like pizza" });
await memory.add({ role: "assistant", content: "Great choice!" });

// Later, relevant memories are retrieved
await memory.add({ role: "user", content: "What food do I like?" });
const messages = await memory.getLLM();
// Includes retrieved "I like pizza" from vector memory

Fact Extraction Memory Block

Extracts and stores key facts from conversations:

import { FactExtractionMemoryBlock } from "@llamaindex/core/memory/block";
import { Settings } from "llamaindex";

const factBlock = new FactExtractionMemoryBlock({
  id: "facts",
  llm: Settings.llm,
  maxFacts: 10,
  priority: 2,              // Higher priority than vector memory
  isLongTerm: true,
});

const memory = new Memory([], {
  memoryBlocks: [factBlock],
});

// Facts are automatically extracted
await memory.add({
  role: "user",
  content: "My name is Alice and I'm a software engineer in SF.",
});

await memory.add({
  role: "user",
  content: "I'm working on a RAG application.",
});

// Extracted facts are included in context
const messages = await memory.getLLM();
// Includes extracted facts as a memory message

Static Memory Block

Provides fixed context (system prompts, instructions):

import { StaticMemoryBlock } from "@llamaindex/core/memory/block";

const staticBlock = new StaticMemoryBlock({
  id: "system-prompt",
  content: "You are a helpful AI assistant specializing in TypeScript.",
  priority: 0,  // Priority 0 = always included first
});

const memory = new Memory([], {
  memoryBlocks: [staticBlock],
});

// Static content always appears first
const messages = await memory.getLLM();
// messages[0] contains the system prompt

Custom Memory Blocks

Implement custom memory logic:

import { BaseMemoryBlock } from "@llamaindex/core/memory/block";
import type { MemoryMessage } from "@llamaindex/core/memory";

class SummaryMemoryBlock extends BaseMemoryBlock {
  private summary: string = "";

  async get(): Promise<MemoryMessage[]> {
    if (!this.summary) return [];
    
    return [{
      id: this.id,
      role: "memory",
      content: `Conversation summary: ${this.summary}`,
    }];
  }

  async put(messages: MemoryMessage[]): Promise<void> {
    // Summarize the messages
    const texts = messages.map(m => `${m.role}: ${m.content}`);
    this.summary = `Discussed: ${texts.join(", ")}`;
  }
}

const summaryBlock = new SummaryMemoryBlock({
  id: "summary",
  priority: 1,
  isLongTerm: true,
});

Memory Priority System

Memory blocks are included based on priority:

const memory = new Memory([], {
  memoryBlocks: [
    new StaticMemoryBlock({ id: "system", priority: 0 }),      // Always first
    new FactExtractionMemoryBlock({ id: "facts", priority: 2 }), // High priority
    new VectorMemoryBlock({ id: "vector", priority: 1 }),       // Medium priority
  ],
  shortTermTokenLimitRatio: 0.7,
});

// Retrieval order:
// 1. Fixed blocks (priority=0) - always included
// 2. Long-term blocks (priority > 0, highest first)
// 3. Short-term messages (most recent)
// 4. Transient messages (optional, passed at retrieval time)

Transient Messages

Include temporary messages without adding them to history:

const currentQuery = {
  role: "user" as const,
  content: "What did we discuss about pizza?",
};

// Include currentQuery without adding to memory
const messages = await memory.getLLM(
  undefined, // Use default LLM
  [currentQuery] // Transient messages
);

// currentQuery is included but not stored

Memory Snapshots

Save and restore memory state:

// Create snapshot
const snapshot = memory.snapshot();
await saveToDatabase(snapshot);

// Restore from snapshot
const savedSnapshot = await loadFromDatabase();
const data = JSON.parse(savedSnapshot);

const restoredMemory = new Memory(data.messages, {
  memoryCursor: data.memoryCursor,
  memoryBlocks: [/* recreate blocks */],
});

Note: Memory blocks are not included in snapshots and must be recreated.

Using with Chat Engines

Integrate memory with chat engines:

import { ContextChatEngine } from "@llamaindex/core/chat-engine";
import { Memory } from "@llamaindex/core/memory";

const memory = new Memory();

const chatEngine = new ContextChatEngine({
  retriever: index.asRetriever(),
  chatHistory: memory,
});

const response = await chatEngine.chat({
  message: "What is LlamaIndex?",
});

// Memory is automatically updated
const history = await memory.getLLM();

Clearing Memory

Reset conversation history:

await memory.clear();

// Memory is empty
const messages = await memory.getLLM();
console.log(messages.length); // 0

Best Practices

Token Management:

Set tokenLimit to ~70% of your LLM’s context window
Adjust shortTermTokenLimitRatio based on your use case
Monitor token usage to avoid context overflow

Memory Blocks:

Use priority=0 for fixed content (system prompts)
Use vector memory for long conversations
Use fact extraction for persistent user information
Limit the number of memory blocks (3-5 max)

Performance:

Memory blocks are processed on every add() when short-term limit is exceeded
Use isLongTerm: true for blocks that should store historical messages
Cache memory snapshots to avoid reprocessing

Session Management:

Use unique IDs for memory blocks per user/session
Filter vector memories by session ID
Clear memory between unrelated conversations

Next Steps

Chat Engines

Build conversational interfaces with memory

Evaluation

Measure the quality of your RAG responses

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Building with LlamaIndex

Data Management

Models & Embeddings

Retrievers & Indices

Advanced Features

Overview

Basic Usage

Memory Adapters

LlamaIndex Format (Default)

Vercel AI SDK Format

Custom Adapters

Context Window Management

Dynamic Token Limits

Memory Blocks

Vector Memory Block

Fact Extraction Memory Block

Static Memory Block

Custom Memory Blocks

Memory Priority System

Transient Messages

Memory Snapshots

Using with Chat Engines

Clearing Memory

Best Practices

Next Steps

Chat Engines

Evaluation

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Getting Started

Core Concepts

Building with LlamaIndex

Data Management

Models & Embeddings

Retrievers & Indices

Advanced Features

​Overview

​Basic Usage

​Memory Adapters

​LlamaIndex Format (Default)

​Vercel AI SDK Format

​Custom Adapters

​Context Window Management

​Dynamic Token Limits

​Memory Blocks

​Vector Memory Block

​Fact Extraction Memory Block

​Static Memory Block

​Custom Memory Blocks

​Memory Priority System

​Transient Messages

​Memory Snapshots

​Using with Chat Engines

​Clearing Memory

​Best Practices

​Next Steps

Chat Engines

Evaluation

Build docs developers (and LLMs) love

Overview

Basic Usage

Memory Adapters

LlamaIndex Format (Default)

Vercel AI SDK Format

Custom Adapters

Context Window Management

Dynamic Token Limits

Memory Blocks

Vector Memory Block

Fact Extraction Memory Block

Static Memory Block

Custom Memory Blocks

Memory Priority System

Transient Messages

Memory Snapshots

Using with Chat Engines

Clearing Memory

Best Practices

Next Steps