Introduction
FFmpeg provides over 100 audio filters for processing, analyzing, and transforming audio streams. This reference documents filters found in thelibavfilter/af_*.c source files.
Filter Usage
Apply audio filters using the-af or -filter:a option:
Volume and Dynamics
volume
Change input volume with support for expressions. Parameters:volume- Volume adjustment expression (default: 1.0)precision- Mathematical precision: fixed, float, doubleeval- When to evaluate: once, framereplaygain- Apply replaygain: drop, ignore, track, albumreplaygain_preamp- Pre-amplification in dB (-15 to 15)replaygain_noclip- Prevent clipping (default: 1)
compand
Compress or expand audio dynamic range. Description: Multi-band compression/expansion with attack, decay, and makeup gain. Examples:loudnorm
EBU R128 loudness normalization. Description: Normalize audio to broadcast standards. Examples:alimiter
Audio limiter to prevent clipping. Examples:acompressor
Audio compressor with sidechain support. Examples:adrc
Audio dynamic range controller. Examples:Equalization and Filtering
equalizer
Apply two-pole peaking equalizer. Examples:bass / highpass / lowpass / bandpass
Frequency-based filters. Examples:anequalizer
Graphic equalizer with custom frequency response. Examples:firequalizer
Finite impulse response equalizer. Examples:aiir
Infinite impulse response filter. Examples:Effects and Processing
aecho
Add echoing to the audio. Parameters:in_gain- Signal input gain (0 to 1, default: 0.6)out_gain- Signal output gain (0 to 1, default: 0.3)delays- List of delays in milliseconds (default: 1000)decays- List of decay factors (default: 0.5)
reverb (via afir)
Add reverberation using impulse response. Examples:aphaser
Add phasing effect. Examples:aflanger
Add flanging effect. Examples:chorus
Add chorus effect. Examples:tremolo
Add tremolo effect. Examples:vibrato
Add vibrato effect. Examples:Noise Reduction
afftdn
Denoise audio using FFT. Examples:anlmdn
Non-local means denoise. Examples:arnndn
Reduce noise using RNN. Examples:afwtdn
Wavelet denoising. Examples:adeclick / adeclip
Remove clicks and pops from audio. Examples:Mixing and Routing
amix
Mix multiple audio streams. Examples:amerge
Merge multiple audio streams into multi-channel. Examples:pan
Remix audio channels. Examples:channelsplit
Split audio channels into separate streams. Examples:channelmap
Remap audio channels. Examples:join
Join multiple audio streams. Examples:Time-based Processing
adelay
Delay audio channels. Examples:atempo
Adjust audio tempo without changing pitch. Examples:asetrate / atempo
Change sample rate or tempo. Examples:aresample
Resample audio. Examples:Analysis and Metadata
astats
Show audio statistics. Examples:volumedetect
Detect audio volume levels. Examples:silencedetect
Detect silence in audio. Examples:ebur128
Measure EBU R128 loudness. Examples:aspectralstats
Show spectral statistics. Examples:Format and Conversion
aformat
Force audio format. Examples:aresample
Resample audio to different sample rate. Examples:Additional Filters
Complete Audio Filter List
FFmpeg includes these audio filters (fromlibavfilter/af_*.c):
| Filter | Description |
|---|---|
| aap | Audio AAP filter |
| acontrast | Simple audio dynamic range compression |
| acopy | Copy audio stream unchanged |
| acrossover | Split audio into frequency bands |
| acrusher | Reduce audio bit depth |
| adeclick | Remove impulsive noise |
| adecorrelate | Decorrelate audio channels |
| adelay | Delay audio channels |
| adenorm | Remedy denormal floating point values |
| aderivative | Compute derivative of audio |
| adrc | Audio dynamic range compression |
| adynamicequalizer | Dynamic equalizer |
| adynamicsmooth | Dynamic smoothing |
| aecho | Add echo effect |
| aemphasis | Audio emphasis/de-emphasis |
| aexciter | Enhance higher frequencies |
| afade | Fade in/out audio |
| afftdn | FFT-based noise reduction |
| afftfilt | Apply FFT filtering |
| afir | Apply finite impulse response filter |
| afreqshift | Shift audio frequencies |
| afwtdn | Wavelet denoising |
| agate | Audio gate |
| aiir | Apply IIR filter |
| alimiter | Audio limiter |
| amerge | Merge audio streams |
| amix | Mix audio streams |
| amultiply | Multiply audio streams |
| anequalizer | Graphic equalizer |
| anlmdn | Non-local means denoiser |
| anlms | Adaptive LMS filter |
| anull | Pass audio unchanged |
| apad | Pad audio with silence |
| aphaser | Phaser effect |
| apsyclip | Psychoacoustic clipper |
| apulsator | Audio pulsator |
| aresample | Resample audio |
| arls | Recursive least squares filter |
| arnndn | RNN-based denoiser |
| asdr | Measure signal-to-distortion ratio |
| asetnsamples | Set number of samples |
| asetrate | Change sample rate |
| ashowinfo | Show audio info |
| asoftclip | Soft audio limiter |
| aspectralstats | Spectral statistics |
| asr | Automatic speech recognition |
| astats | Audio statistics |
| atempo | Adjust tempo |
| axcorrelate | Cross-correlate audio |
See Also
- Filter System Overview - General filter concepts
- Video Filters - Video filter reference
- Input Devices - Audio input devices
- Output Devices - Audio output devices