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Quick Start Examples

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Basic Arithmetic

Execute simple arithmetic operations: 
cubipods -b 6003600201
This bytecode performs: PUSH1 0x03, PUSH1 0x02, ADD
  • Pushes 0x03 onto the stack
  • Pushes 0x02 onto the stack
  • Adds them together (result: 0x05)

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With Verbose Output

View detailed execution information: 
cubipods -b 6003600201 -v
Verbose mode shows the step-by-step execution, final stack state, and analysis.

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Category Examples

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Push Operations

Push multiple values onto the stack:
cubipods --bytecode 600160026003610101
This executes:
  • PUSH1 0x01 - Push 1
  • PUSH1 0x02 - Push 2
  • PUSH1 0x03 - Push 3
  • PUSH2 0x0101 - Push 257
Final stack (top to bottom): 0x0101, 0x03, 0x02, 0x01

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Arithmetic with Multiple Values

cubipods -b 6020602001 --verbose
This executes:
  • PUSH1 0x20 - Push 32
  • PUSH1 0x20 - Push 32
  • ADD - Add them (result: 64 or 0x40)

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Duplicate Operations

cubipods -b 6005806001
This executes:
  • PUSH1 0x05 - Push 5
  • DUP1 - Duplicate top stack value
  • PUSH1 0x01 - Push 1

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Memory Store

Store a value in memory:
cubipods --bytecode 60206040526002600155
This executes:
  • PUSH1 0x20 - Push 32
  • PUSH1 0x40 - Push 64 (memory location)
  • MSTORE - Store 32 at memory location 64
  • PUSH1 0x02 - Push 2
  • PUSH1 0x01 - Push 1 (storage key)
  • SSTORE - Store 2 at storage key 1

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Memory Load

cubipods -b 6020604052604051 -v
This executes:
  • PUSH1 0x20 - Push 32
  • PUSH1 0x40 - Push 64
  • MSTORE - Store value
  • PUSH1 0x40 - Push 64
  • MLOAD - Load value from memory

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Storage Write and Read

cubipods --bytecode 6002600155600154 --verbose
This executes:
  • PUSH1 0x02 - Push 2 (value)
  • PUSH1 0x01 - Push 1 (key)
  • SSTORE - Store 2 at key 1
  • PUSH1 0x01 - Push 1 (key)
  • SLOAD - Load value from key 1
Result: Value 0x02 is stored at storage key 0x01 and then loaded back.

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Comparison Operations

cubipods -b 600360021060036002146003600215
This executes multiple comparison operations:
  • PUSH1 0x03, PUSH1 0x02, LT - Is 2 < 3?
  • PUSH1 0x03, PUSH1 0x02, EQ - Is 2 == 3?
  • PUSH1 0x03, PUSH1 0x02, ISZERO - Is 2 zero?

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Bitwise Operations

cubipods --bytecode 600F600A1660FF600A17600A600319 -v
This executes:
  • AND - Bitwise AND
  • OR - Bitwise OR
  • XOR - Bitwise XOR
  • NOT - Bitwise NOT

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Combined Operations

Execute a complex sequence with memory and storage:
cubipods --bytecode 60206040526002600155604051600154 --verbose
This demonstrates:
  1. Memory store operation
  2. Storage store operation
  3. Memory load operation
  4. Storage load operation

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With Prefix

Same bytecode with 0x prefix:
cubipods -b 0x806020
This executes:
  • DUP1 - Duplicate stack top
  • PUSH1 0x20 - Push 32

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Verbose Analysis

cubipods -b 0x8060206020 --verbose
This provides detailed execution trace showing:
  • Each opcode executed
  • Stack state after each operation
  • Memory modifications
  • Final state summary

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Testing Examples

These examples are used in the Cubipods test suite:

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Test: Basic Execution

cubipods --bytecode 0x806020
Verifies basic bytecode parsing and execution without verbose mode.

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Test: Verbose Mode

cubipods --bytecode 0x8060206020 --verbose
Verifies verbose flag functionality and detailed output.

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Test: Memory and Storage

cubipods --bytecode 0x60206040526002600155
Verifies:
  • Memory store at location 0x40 contains 0x20
  • Storage at key 0x01 contains 0x02

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Test: Stack Addition

cubipods --bytecode 0x6020602001
Verifies stack peek returns 0x40 (64 in decimal) after adding 32 + 32.

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Script Usage

Use Cubipods in shell scripts: 
#!/bin/bash

# Execute bytecode and check exit code
if cubipods -b 6003600201; then
    echo "Execution successful"
else
    echo "Execution failed"
    exit 1
fi

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Capture Verbose Output

#!/bin/bash

# Capture verbose output
OUTPUT=$(cubipods -b 6003600201 -v 2>&1)
echo "$OUTPUT"

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Common Patterns

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Simple Stack Test

cubipods -b 6001  # PUSH1 0x01

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Addition Test

cubipods -b 6003600201  # Push 3, Push 2, Add

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Memory Test

cubipods -b 60AA60BB52  # Store 0xAA at memory 0xBB

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Storage Test

cubipods -b 60AA60BB55  # Store 0xAA at storage key 0xBB
Use the --verbose flag when debugging to see exactly how your bytecode executes step by step.
Missing the --bytecode flag will result in an error. This argument is always required.

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