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What is Cubipods?

Cubipods is a minimal Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) written in Rust. It provides a lightweight and efficient platform for running EVM bytecode, making it ideal for learning how the EVM works, testing bytecode execution, and understanding low-level Ethereum operations. Unlike full EVM implementations that handle transactions, state management, and networking, Cubipods focuses solely on bytecode execution. This makes it an excellent educational tool and a practical utility for developers who need to test and debug EVM opcodes.

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Why Cubipods?

Cubipods solves several key challenges:

Educational

Learn how the EVM works by executing bytecode directly and observing stack, memory, and storage states

Debugging

Test and debug EVM bytecode in isolation without deploying to a full blockchain environment

Lightweight

Minimal implementation focused on core EVM functionality without the overhead of a full node

Transparent

Verbose mode provides detailed execution history, showing exactly how opcodes modify state

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Key Features

Cubipods implements the essential components of the EVM:
  • Lexical Analysis: Tokenizes bytecode and analyzes the included opcodes
  • Stack Management: Supports standard stack operations (PUSH, POP, DUP, SWAP) enabling proper opcode execution
  • Memory Handling: Implements MLOAD and MSTORE operations to replicate EVM memory behavior
  • Storage Operations: Manages SLOAD and SSTORE functionalities as per EVM standards
  • Bytecode Execution: Runs user-provided bytecode, processing EVM opcodes sequentially
  • Verbose Output: Provides detailed output including execution history and final state of stack, memory, and storage

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Supported Opcodes

Cubipods currently supports the following EVM opcodes: Arithmetic & Logic
  • ADD, MUL, SUB, DIV, MOD, EXP
  • LT, GT, EQ, ISZERO
  • AND, OR, XOR, NOT, BYTE
Stack Operations
  • POP, PUSH0 to PUSH32
  • DUP1 to DUP16
  • SWAP1 to SWAP16
Memory & Storage
  • MLOAD, MSTORE
  • SLOAD, SSTORE
Other
  • STOP, KECCAK256

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Example Use Case

Here’s a simple example of what you can do with Cubipods: 
# Execute bytecode that adds 2 + 3
cubipods -b 6003600201
This bytecode:
  1. Pushes 0x03 onto the stack (PUSH1 0x03)
  2. Pushes 0x02 onto the stack (PUSH1 0x02)
  3. Adds the top two stack items (ADD)
The result 0x05 remains on the stack after execution.

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Next Steps

Installation

Install Cubipods using Cargo and verify your setup

Quickstart

Execute your first bytecode and explore verbose mode

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