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High-level overview

Karma LMS (gems-lms-web) is a single-page application (SPA) built with Angular. The frontend communicates with a REST API backend over HTTP. The Angular app handles all routing, rendering, and state on the client side, while the backend is responsible for data persistence and business logic.

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Project structure

The project follows the standard Angular CLI directory layout: 
src/
├── app/
│   ├── app.module.ts
│   ├── app.component.ts
│   └── app-routing.module.ts
├── assets/
│   └── (images, fonts, static files)
└── environments/
    ├── environment.ts
    └── environment.prod.ts
dist/
    └── (compiled build output)
angular.json
package.json
DirectoryPurpose
src/app/Main application module, components, services, and routing
src/assets/Static files served as-is: images, fonts, icons
src/environments/Environment-specific configuration (API URLs, feature flags)
dist/Output directory produced by ng build — not committed to source control

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Angular concepts

The application is built on standard Angular primitives:
Angular modules (NgModule) group related components, services, and routes. The root AppModule bootstraps the application, and feature modules encapsulate domain-specific functionality.
Components are the building blocks of the UI. Each component consists of a TypeScript class, an HTML template, and optional styles. Angular CLI generates components with ng generate component.
Services contain shared logic and data access. They are injected into components via Angular’s dependency injection system. HTTP calls and state management live in services.
Angular Router maps URL paths to components. Lazy-loaded feature modules reduce the initial bundle size by loading routes on demand.
Angular Reactive Forms provide a model-driven approach to handling form inputs, validation, and submission. Used throughout Karma LMS for learner enrollment, assessment authoring, and user management flows.

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Feature modules

The application is organized into feature modules aligned with LMS domain areas:

Courses

Course catalog, content authoring, and enrollment management.

Learners

Learner profiles, progress tracking, and completion records.

Instructors

Instructor dashboards, course assignments, and reporting.

Assessments

Quiz and assessment creation, delivery, and grading.

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HTTP communication

All API calls use Angular’s built-in HttpClient, which is provided by HttpClientModule. Services inject HttpClient and return Observable streams that components subscribe to. 
import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class CoursesService {
  constructor(private http: HttpClient) {}

  getCourses(): Observable<Course[]> {
    return this.http.get<Course[]>('/api/courses');
  }
}

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State management

Karma LMS uses Angular services combined with RxJS BehaviorSubject and Observable to manage shared state. This avoids an external state management library and keeps the dependency footprint small. 
import { BehaviorSubject, Observable } from 'rxjs';

@Injectable({ providedIn: 'root' })
export class AuthService {
  private currentUser$ = new BehaviorSubject<User | null>(null);

  getUser(): Observable<User | null> {
    return this.currentUser$.asObservable();
  }
}
Angular CLI handles code generation, build optimization (tree-shaking, minification, AOT compilation), and environment configuration. The angular.json file at the project root controls all CLI behavior, including build targets and asset paths.

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