The Math module provides a comprehensive set of mathematical functions for trigonometry, logarithms, exponentiation, rounding, and comparisons.
Import
Trigonometric Functions
sin
Calculates the sine of an angle in radians.
Returns: The sine of the angle
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.sin(Math.PI / 2) // Returns 1.0
System.print(result)
cos
Calculates the cosine of an angle in radians.
Returns: The cosine of the angle
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.cos(0) // Returns 1.0
System.print(result)
tan
Calculates the tangent of an angle in radians.
Returns: The tangent of the angle
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.tan(Math.PI / 4) // Returns approximately 1.0
System.print(result)
Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
exp
Calculates e raised to the power of x (e^x).
Returns: e raised to the power of x
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.exp(1) // Returns approximately 2.718
System.print(result)
exp2
Calculates 2 raised to the power of x (2^x).
Returns: 2 raised to the power of x
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.exp2(8) // Returns 256
System.print(result)
pow
Raises a number to a specified power.
Returns: The base raised to the exponent
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.pow(2, 3) // Returns 8
System.print(result)
log
Calculates the natural logarithm (base e) of a number.
The number (must be positive)
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.log(Math.E) // Returns 1.0
System.print(result)
log2
Calculates the base-2 logarithm of a number.
The number (must be positive)
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.log2(256) // Returns 8
System.print(result)
log10
Calculates the base-10 logarithm of a number.
The number (must be positive)
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.log10(1000) // Returns 3
System.print(result)
Root and Power Functions
sqrt
Calculates the square root of a number.
The number (must be non-negative)
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.sqrt(16) // Returns 4
System.print(result)
Rounding Functions
floor
Rounds a number down to the nearest integer.
Returns: The largest integer less than or equal to x
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.floor(3.7) // Returns 3
System.print(result)
ceil
Rounds a number up to the nearest integer.
Returns: The smallest integer greater than or equal to x
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.ceil(3.2) // Returns 4
System.print(result)
round
Rounds a number to the nearest integer.
Returns: The nearest integer to x
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.round(3.5) // Returns 3 (truncates towards zero)
System.print(result)
trunc
Truncates a number by removing its decimal part.
Returns: The integer part of x
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.trunc(3.9) // Returns 3
System.print(result)
Comparison Functions
min
Returns the smaller of two numbers.
Returns: The smaller of the two numbers
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.min(5, 10) // Returns 5
System.print(result)
max
Returns the larger of two numbers.
Returns: The larger of the two numbers
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.max(5, 10) // Returns 10
System.print(result)
abs
Returns the absolute value of a number.
Returns: The absolute value of x
Example:
import "math" for Math
var result = Math.abs(-5) // Returns 5
System.print(result)
Usage Example
Here’s a complete example demonstrating various Math functions:
import "math" for Math
// Trigonometry
var angle = Math.PI / 4
System.print("sin(45°): %(Math.sin(angle))")
System.print("cos(45°): %(Math.cos(angle))")
// Power and roots
var base = 2
var exponent = 10
System.print("2^10: %(Math.pow(base, exponent))")
System.print("√16: %(Math.sqrt(16))")
// Logarithms
System.print("log2(1024): %(Math.log2(1024))")
System.print("log10(100): %(Math.log10(100))")
// Rounding
var value = 3.7
System.print("floor(3.7): %(Math.floor(value))")
System.print("ceil(3.7): %(Math.ceil(value))")
System.print("round(3.7): %(Math.round(value))")
// Comparison
System.print("min(5, 10): %(Math.min(5, 10))")
System.print("max(5, 10): %(Math.max(5, 10))")
System.print("abs(-42): %(Math.abs(-42))")