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Overview

The Brushless Actuator Module Core v1 is a light-weight, low-cost, minimal complexity, torque-controlled actuator module designed for robotic research. It features a brushless outrunner motor, high-resolution optical encoder, and a dual-stage timing belt transmission using primarily 3D printed parts and off-the-shelf components.
Updated Version Available: The improved Actuator Module Core v1.1 is now available with the ODRI Encoder Kit.

Key Specifications

Weight

150g total assembly

Torque Output

2.5 Nm @ 12A

Segment Length

160mm

Core Components

The actuator module uses the same core components across all robot configurations described in the Open Robot Actuator Hardware repository. The only difference between modules is the surrounding shell structure.
Core components weight: 95g (excluding shell structure)

Dual-Stage Transmission

The module employs a dual-stage timing belt transmission system:
  • First stage: 3:1 gear reduction
  • Second stage: 3:1 gear reduction
  • Total gear reduction: 9:1
The AT3 GEN III timing belts provide precise power transmission with minimal backlash through custom-profiled pulleys.

Off-the-Shelf Components

Brushless DC Motor

T-Motor Antigravity 4004 300kV
  • 24 magnets / 12 pole pairs / 18 slots
  • 3-phase WYE configuration (Star configuration)
  • Rotor diameter: 45mm
  • Weight: 53g
  • Sold in sets of 2 pieces

Optical Encoder

Broadcom AEDT-9810-Z00
  • 5000 pulses per revolution per channel
  • 20,000 counts per revolution at the microcontroller
  • 5V two-channel quadrature output with index pulse (ABZ)
  • Code wheel diameter: 26mm
  • Weight: 5g
The codewheel must be ordered separately from PWB Encoders GmbH (Order #104768: Codewheel with index / 625cpr 3K for AEDT98X / ID 7mm / OD 25.56mm)
Ordering Sources:
  • Mouser: #630-AEDT9810Z00
  • DigiKey: #516-3256-ND

Timing Belts

Conti Synchroflex AT3 GEN III - Heavy duty polyurethane with steel cord reinforcements
StageLengthTeethWidthWeight
First150mm504mm1.5g
Second201mm676mm3.0g
Total timing belt weight: 4.5g

Bearings

EZO Stainless Steel Miniature Roller Bearings (Total weight: 16g)

Output Bearing

EZO 61705 2RS VA
  • 32mm × 25mm × 4mm
  • Weight: 6.9g
  • Quantity: 2

Transmission Bearing

EZO MR84 VA
  • 8mm × 4mm × 2mm
  • Weight: 0.4g
  • Quantity: 3

Tensioner Bearing

EZO 683 2Z VA
  • 7mm × 3mm × 3mm
  • Weight: 0.4g
  • Quantity: 2

Fasteners

Total weight: 2.9g
  • Motor fasteners: M3 × 5 flat head screw (4 pieces)
  • Timing belt tensioner fasteners: M3 × 10 flat head screw (2 pieces)
  • Tensioner washers: M2.5 washer (2 pieces)
  • Output shaft helical insert: Helicoil M3 × 6 (2 pieces)
  • Encoder fasteners: M3 × 16 Phillips flat head screw - Polyamide plastic (2 pieces)

Machined Parts

Total weight: 5.9g Three components must be machined from metal:
1

Motor Pulley

AT3 10-tooth pulley machined from aluminum
2

Center Pulley

AT3 10-tooth center pulley machined from aluminum
3

Motor Shaft

Custom motor shaft from precision ground stainless steel
  • Material: 4mm stainless steel rod (1.4301 EN10278 h9)
  • Weight: 3.2g
  • Technical drawing: motor_shaft.PDF
Custom AT3 Profile: The tooth profile has been modified from standard AT3 dimensions to reduce backlash. Do NOT use standard AT3 pulleys or cutting tools.
Alternative: You can order the ODRI Encoder Kit that includes all machined parts pre-assembled. See Actuator Module v1.1 for details.

3D Printed Parts

Total weight: 11.3g
The tooth profile of the pulleys must be precise and concentric. Use stereolithography (SLA), Polyjet, or Multijet printers for all parts.
Print Direction: Positive Z direction of STL files for all components
PartWeightSTL File
Encoder Codewheel PWB Mount0.3gencoder_codewheel_pwb_mount.STL
Transmission Pulley AT3 T30 Center4.2gtransmission_pulley_at3_t30_center.STL
Transmission Pulley AT3 T30 Output6.7gtransmission_pulley_at3_t30_output.STL
Timing Belt Tensioner Roller (10mm)0.2g eachtransmission_belt_tensioner_roller_10.0mm.STL
Multiple tensioner roller diameters are available (10.0mm, 10.5mm, 11.0mm, 11.5mm) to adjust timing belt tension as needed.

Wiring and Connectors

Motor Phase Connectors

  • Type: 2mm gold connectors (Reely RE-1373188)
  • Quantity: 3 pairs
  • Wire: LiY 0.50 mm² black cable

Encoder Connector

  • Type: Hirose DF13 Socket 5-pin
  • Crimp terminals: Hirose DF13-2630SCF (5 pieces)
  • Wire: LifY 0.14 mm² (colors: red, yellow, black, white, green)
  • Tool required: Hirose DF13 crimp tool

Encoder Wiring Convention

See source documentation for detailed wiring diagrams showing proper connection to the microcontroller.

Crimp Tool

Hirose DF13-TB2630HC crimp tool required for proper terminal installation.

Alternative Components

Encoder Options

Broadcom AEDT-9810-Z00 encoder + separate PWB codewheel
  • Encoder: Mouser #630-AEDT9810Z00 or DigiKey #516-3256-ND
  • Codewheel: PWB Encoders Order #104768
  • Mount: encoder_codewheel_pwb_mount.STL

Timing Belt Tensioner Options

7mm × 3mm × 3mm bearings (EZO 683 2Z VA) with 3D printed rollers

Assembly Documentation

Step-by-Step Instructions

Complete assembly guides available in source repository:
  • Motor preparation
  • Motor shaft preparation
  • Encoder preparation
  • Center pulley preparation
  • Output pulley preparation
  • Shell preparation
  • Final module assembly

Testing Procedures

Actuator module testing procedures cover:
  • Encoder calibration
  • Motor phase identification
  • Torque control verification
  • Performance validation

Technical Resources

Technical Drawings

Complete PDF drawings available for all machined and custom parts in the source repository.

STL Files

All 3D printable component files provided in the source repository stl_files directory.

Assembly Guide

Detailed step-by-step instructions with photos for complete module assembly.

Bill of Materials

Complete BOM with part numbers and ordering information from multiple suppliers worldwide.

Actuator Module v1.1

See the updated version with ODRI Encoder Kit

Specifications

View complete technical specifications

Authors: Felix Grimminger License: BSD 3-Clause License Copyright: © 2019-2021 Max Planck Gesellschaft and New York University

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