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By default, components in Blocks are arranged vertically. But you have full control over how components are positioned using layout elements. Under the hood, Gradio uses the flexbox model from web development.

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Rows

Use gr.Row() to arrange components horizontally: 
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Row():
        btn1 = gr.Button("Button 1")
        btn2 = gr.Button("Button 2")

demo.launch()
Both buttons will appear side by side on the same horizontal line.

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Equal height

You can make all elements in a row have the same height: 
with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Row(equal_height=True):
        textbox = gr.Textbox()
        btn = gr.Button("Button 2")

demo.launch()

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Controlling width with scale and min_width

Every component has two parameters that control its width within a row:

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The scale parameter

The scale parameter determines how components expand to fill available space:
  • scale=0: Component does not expand, takes only the space it needs
  • scale=1 or higher: Component expands proportionally to its scale value
with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Row():
        btn0 = gr.Button("Button 0", scale=0)  # No expansion
        btn1 = gr.Button("Button 1", scale=1)  # Expands 1x
        btn2 = gr.Button("Button 2", scale=2)  # Expands 2x (twice as wide as btn1)

demo.launch()
In this example, btn2 will be twice as wide as btn1, while btn0 stays at its minimum size.

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The min_width parameter

The min_width parameter sets the minimum width (in pixels) that a component will take. If there isn’t enough space to satisfy all min_width values, the row will wrap: 
with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Row():
        btn1 = gr.Button("Button 1", min_width=300)
        btn2 = gr.Button("Button 2", min_width=300)

demo.launch()
Learn more about Rows in the Row documentation.

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Columns and nesting

Components within a gr.Column() are stacked vertically. Since vertical stacking is the default, columns are most useful when nested inside rows: 
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Row():
        with gr.Column():
            text1 = gr.Textbox(label="Input 1")
            text2 = gr.Textbox(label="Input 2")
        with gr.Column():
            image = gr.Image()
            button = gr.Button("Process")

demo.launch()
In this layout:
  • The first column contains two textboxes stacked vertically
  • The second column contains an image and a button stacked vertically
  • Both columns sit side by side in the row

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Controlling column width

Just like components in rows, columns support the scale parameter: 
with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Row():
        with gr.Column(scale=1):
            text1 = gr.Textbox(label="Input 1")
            text2 = gr.Textbox(label="Input 2")
        with gr.Column(scale=2):
            image = gr.Image()
            button = gr.Button("Process")

demo.launch()
The second column will be twice as wide as the first.
Learn more about Columns in the Column documentation.

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Fill browser height and width

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Full width

To make your app take the full width of the browser (removing side padding), use fill_width=True: 
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks(fill_width=True) as demo:
    # Your components here
    pass

demo.launch()

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Full height

To make top-level components expand to fill the browser height: 
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks(fill_height=True) as demo:
    gr.Chatbot(scale=1)  # Expands to fill available space
    gr.Textbox(scale=0)  # Takes only the space it needs

demo.launch()
Components need scale >= 1 to expand vertically when fill_height=True is enabled.

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Dimensions

Some components support explicit height and width parameters. These accept either:
  • A number: Interpreted as pixels
  • A string: Allows any CSS unit (px, em, rem, vh, vw, etc.)
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    # Using viewport width units
    im = gr.ImageEditor(width="50vw")
    
    # Using pixels
    text = gr.Textbox(height=200)

demo.launch()

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Tabs

Create tabbed interfaces with gr.Tab(). Each tab selectively shows or hides its contents: 
import gradio as gr

def flip_text(text):
    return text[::-1]

def flip_image(image):
    return image.rotate(180)

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    gr.Markdown("# Flip Text or Image")
    
    with gr.Tab("Flip Text"):
        text_input = gr.Textbox()
        text_output = gr.Textbox()
        text_button = gr.Button("Flip")
        text_button.click(flip_text, inputs=text_input, outputs=text_output)
    
    with gr.Tab("Flip Image"):
        image_input = gr.Image()
        image_output = gr.Image()
        image_button = gr.Button("Flip")
        image_button.click(flip_image, inputs=image_input, outputs=image_output)

demo.launch()
Consecutive gr.Tab() contexts are automatically grouped together. Only one tab can be selected at a time, and only that tab’s components are visible.
Learn more in the Tab documentation.

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Accordions

Accordions provide collapsible sections that can be toggled open or closed: 
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Accordion("Advanced Options", open=False):
        temperature = gr.Slider(0, 1, value=0.7, label="Temperature")
        top_p = gr.Slider(0, 1, value=0.9, label="Top P")
        max_tokens = gr.Slider(1, 2048, value=256, label="Max Tokens")

demo.launch()
The open parameter controls whether the accordion starts expanded or collapsed.
Learn more in the Accordion documentation.
The sidebar creates a collapsible panel on the left side of the screen: 
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Sidebar():
        gr.Markdown("## Settings")
        model = gr.Dropdown(["GPT-4", "GPT-3.5"], label="Model")
        temperature = gr.Slider(0, 1, value=0.7, label="Temperature")
    
    # Main content
    gr.Markdown("# Chat Application")
    chatbot = gr.Chatbot()
    msg = gr.Textbox()

demo.launch()
Learn more in the Sidebar documentation.

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Multi-step walkthroughs

For guided workflows, use the Walkthrough component with Step components: 
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    walkthrough = gr.Walkthrough(value="step1")
    
    with gr.Step(id="step1", parent=walkthrough):
        gr.Markdown("## Step 1: Enter your information")
        name = gr.Textbox(label="Name")
        gr.Button("Next").click(
            lambda: "step2",
            outputs=walkthrough
        )
    
    with gr.Step(id="step2", parent=walkthrough):
        gr.Markdown("## Step 2: Review and submit")
        gr.Button("Back").click(
            lambda: "step1",
            outputs=walkthrough
        )
        gr.Button("Submit")

demo.launch()
The Walkthrough component has a visual style tailored for step-by-step workflows. You control progression by setting the appropriate step ID.
Learn more in the Walkthrough documentation.

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Visibility

Both components and layout elements have a visible parameter that can be set initially and updated dynamically: 
import gradio as gr

def toggle_textbox(choice):
    if choice == "Yes":
        return gr.Textbox(visible=True)
    else:
        return gr.Textbox(visible=False)

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    radio = gr.Radio(["Yes", "No"], label="Show textbox?")
    textbox = gr.Textbox(label="Hidden by default", visible=False)
    
    radio.change(toggle_textbox, radio, textbox)

demo.launch()
Setting gr.Column(visible=False) on a column hides all components inside it.

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Defining and rendering components separately

Sometimes you need to define a component before you render it in the UI. For example, when using gr.Examples, you need to pass the input component to it, but might want to render the examples first: 
import gradio as gr

# Define the component outside the Blocks context
input_textbox = gr.Textbox()

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    # Show examples first
    gr.Examples(["hello", "bonjour", "merhaba"], input_textbox)
    
    # Render the textbox later
    input_textbox.render()

demo.launch()
The .render() method places the component wherever you call it.

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Unrendering and moving components

You can also move a component by unrendering it and rendering it elsewhere: 
import gradio as gr

with gr.Blocks() as demo:
    with gr.Row():
        with gr.Column():
            gr.Markdown("Column 1")
            textbox = gr.Textbox()
        with gr.Column():
            gr.Markdown("Column 2")
            textbox.unrender()  # Remove from Column 1
        with gr.Column():
            gr.Markdown("Column 3")
            textbox.render()  # Add to Column 3

demo.launch()
The textbox will appear in the third column.

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Next steps

Now that you know how to control layout, you can: