Diagnostic Services

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Comprehensive Diagnostic Capabilities

Sahaj Hospitals offers a complete range of diagnostic services with state-of-the-art equipment and experienced technical staff. Our diagnostic facilities operate 24/7 for emergency cases and during extended hours for routine investigations.

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Laboratory Services

Our NABL-accredited clinical laboratory provides accurate and timely test results with stringent quality control measures.

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Laboratory Features

Quality Assurance

• Accreditation: NABL (National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories) certified
• Quality Control: Daily internal quality control checks
• External Proficiency: Participation in external quality assurance programs
• Equipment: Automated analyzers from leading manufacturers (Roche, Abbott, Siemens)
• Calibration: Regular calibration and maintenance protocols
• Trained Personnel: Qualified pathologists, biochemists, and laboratory technicians

Sample Collection

• Hospital Collection: Multiple phlebotomy stations throughout the hospital
• Home Collection: Available for select tests (charges apply)
• Collection Timings:
  • Routine: 6:00 AM - 8:00 PM (all days)
  • Emergency: 24/7
• Fasting Samples: Early morning slots (6:00 AM - 9:00 AM) for fasting blood work
• Pediatric Collection: Trained staff for gentle pediatric phlebotomy
• Special Collections: Timed samples, 24-hour urine collections, specimen transport

Report Delivery

• Online Portal: Reports available on patient portal and mobile app
• Email/SMS: Automated notification when reports are ready
• Physical Reports: Available at collection center
• Turnaround Times:
  • STAT/Emergency: 30 minutes to 2 hours
  • Routine: Same day to 24 hours
  • Specialized tests: 2-7 days
  • Send-out tests: 7-14 days

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Clinical Biochemistry

Routine Biochemistry Panel

• Metabolic Panel
  • Blood glucose (fasting, random, post-prandial)
  • Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) for diabetes monitoring
  • Renal function tests (urea, creatinine, electrolytes)
  • Liver function tests (bilirubin, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, albumin, total protein)
• Lipid Profile
  • Total cholesterol
  • HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol)
  • LDL cholesterol (bad cholesterol)
  • Triglycerides
  • VLDL cholesterol
  • Cholesterol/HDL ratio
• Electrolytes and Minerals
  • Sodium, potassium, chloride
  • Calcium (total and ionized)
  • Phosphorus
  • Magnesium
  • Iron studies (serum iron, TIBC, ferritin, transferrin saturation)

Specialized Biochemistry

• Cardiac Markers
  • Troponin I/T (high sensitivity)
  • CK-MB
  • Myoglobin
  • NT-proBNP (heart failure marker)
  • D-Dimer (for thrombosis screening)
• Tumor Markers
  • PSA (prostate cancer)
  • CEA (colon cancer)
  • CA 19-9 (pancreatic cancer)
  • CA 125 (ovarian cancer)
  • AFP (liver cancer)
  • CA 15-3 (breast cancer)
• Hormones
  • Thyroid function (TSH, T3, T4, free T3, free T4)
  • Reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, progesterone)
  • Prolactin
  • Cortisol
  • Growth hormone
  • Insulin levels
• Vitamins
  • Vitamin D (25-OH)
  • Vitamin B12
  • Folate
  • Vitamin A, E, K (send-out)

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Hematology

Complete Blood Count (CBC)

Comprehensive blood cell analysis including:

• Red Blood Cell Parameters
  • RBC count
  • Hemoglobin
  • Hematocrit
  • MCV, MCH, MCHC (red cell indices)
  • RDW (red cell distribution width)
• White Blood Cell Analysis
  • Total WBC count
  • Differential count (neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils)
  • Absolute counts for each cell type
  • Immature cell detection
• Platelet Assessment
  • Platelet count
  • MPV (mean platelet volume)
  • Platelet distribution width
• Automated Analysis: 5-part differential with flagging of abnormal cells
• Microscopy: Manual review by pathologist when indicated

Coagulation Studies

• Basic Coagulation
  • Prothrombin Time (PT) and INR
  • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT)
  • Bleeding time and clotting time
• Advanced Coagulation
  • Fibrinogen levels
  • D-Dimer quantitative
  • Thrombin time
  • Factor assays (VIII, IX, etc.)
  • Protein C and Protein S
  • Antithrombin III
  • Lupus anticoagulant

Specialized Hematology

• Anemia Workup
  • Peripheral smear examination
  • Reticulocyte count
  • Iron studies
  • Vitamin B12 and folate
  • Hemoglobin electrophoresis (thalassemia screening)
  • G6PD screening
• Bone Marrow Examination
  • Aspiration and biopsy
  • Morphological evaluation
  • Flow cytometry
  • Cytogenetics (send-out)
• Hemoglobinopathy Testing
  • Sickle cell screening
  • Thalassemia screening
  • HPLC for hemoglobin variants

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Microbiology and Serology

Culture and Sensitivity

• Bacterial Cultures
  • Blood culture (aerobic and anaerobic)
  • Urine culture
  • Sputum culture
  • Stool culture
  • Wound/pus culture
  • Body fluid cultures (CSF, pleural, ascitic)
• Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing
  • Disk diffusion method
  • Automated susceptibility testing
  • MIC determination
  • ESBL detection
  • MRSA screening
• Fungal Cultures
  • Fungal culture and identification
  • KOH mount
  • Antifungal sensitivity
• Mycobacterial Studies
  • AFB smear (Ziehl-Neelsen stain)
  • TB culture (MGIT)
  • GeneXpert MTB/RIF (rapid TB detection)
  • Drug sensitivity testing

Infectious Disease Serology

• Viral Markers
  • HIV (ELISA and rapid tests)
  • Hepatitis B (HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBe)
  • Hepatitis C (anti-HCV, HCV RNA by PCR)
  • Hepatitis A (IgM, IgG)
  • Dengue (NS1, IgM, IgG)
  • Chikungunya
  • Malaria (rapid test and smear)
• Bacterial Serology
  • Typhoid (Widal test, Typhidot)
  • Brucella
  • Leptospira
  • Syphilis (VDRL, TPHA)
• Parasitic Tests
  • Malaria (thick and thin smear, rapid antigen)
  • Stool for ova and parasites
  • Filaria test

Molecular Diagnostics

• PCR-Based Tests
  • COVID-19 RT-PCR
  • TB GeneXpert
  • Hepatitis B and C viral load
  • HIV viral load
  • HPV DNA testing
• Genetic Testing (send-out)
  • Thalassemia mutation analysis
  • Factor V Leiden mutation
  • Karyotyping
  • NIPT (non-invasive prenatal testing)

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Clinical Pathology

Urine Analysis

• Routine Urinalysis
  • Physical examination (color, appearance, specific gravity)
  • Chemical analysis (pH, protein, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, leukocyte esterase)
  • Microscopic examination (RBCs, WBCs, casts, crystals, bacteria, epithelial cells)
• 24-Hour Urine Collections
  • Protein quantification
  • Creatinine clearance
  • Calcium, uric acid, oxalate
  • Microalbumin
• Specialized Urine Tests
  • Urine pregnancy test
  • Urine drug screening
  • Urine for Bence-Jones protein
  • Spot urine protein-creatinine ratio

Stool Examination

• Routine stool examination (consistency, color, presence of blood, mucus)
• Occult blood test (for GI bleeding)
• Stool for ova and parasites
• Stool culture for pathogens
• Fecal calprotectin (IBD marker)
• Stool for reducing substances

Body Fluid Analysis

• Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Cell count and differential
  • Protein and glucose
  • Gram stain and culture
  • AFB stain
  • Adenosine deaminase (ADA) for TB
• Pleural/Ascitic/Synovial Fluid
  • Physical and chemical analysis
  • Cell count
  • Protein and LDH
  • Glucose
  • Culture and sensitivity
  • Cytology for malignant cells
• Semen Analysis
  • Volume, pH, liquefaction time
  • Sperm count, motility, morphology
  • WHO criteria-based reporting

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Imaging Services

Our Department of Radiology and Imaging provides comprehensive diagnostic imaging services with advanced equipment and subspecialty-trained radiologists.

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Digital Radiography (X-ray)

X-ray Capabilities

• Digital X-ray Systems
  • High-resolution digital radiography
  • Immediate image availability
  • Lower radiation dose compared to conventional X-ray
  • PACS integration for image storage and retrieval
• Common X-ray Examinations
  • Chest X-ray (PA, lateral, lordotic views)
  • Skeletal X-rays (extremities, spine, pelvis)
  • Abdominal X-ray (KUB, erect, supine)
  • Skull and facial bones
  • Mammography (digital)
• Specialized X-ray Studies
  • Contrast studies (barium swallow, barium meal, barium enema)
  • IVP (intravenous pyelography)
  • HSG (hysterosalpingography)
  • Fistulography
• Portable X-ray
  • Bedside X-rays for ICU and emergency patients
  • Mobile units for immobile patients

Preparation and Safety

• Pregnancy Screening: All women of childbearing age screened before X-ray
• Lead Shielding: Protective aprons provided when appropriate
• Contrast Allergies: Screening for iodine allergy before contrast studies
• Fasting: Required for certain contrast studies (as advised)
• Report Turnaround: Routine reports within 24 hours, urgent within 2-4 hours

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Computed Tomography (CT Scan)

CT Scan Equipment and Capabilities

• 128-Slice CT Scanner
  • High-resolution imaging
  • Rapid scan times (reduced motion artifacts)
  • 3D reconstruction capabilities
  • Lower radiation dose with iterative reconstruction
• CT Scan Types
  • Non-Contrast CT
    • Brain CT (stroke, trauma, tumors)
    • Chest CT (pulmonary embolism, lung nodules)
    • Abdominal CT (kidney stones, appendicitis)
    • Skeletal CT
  • Contrast-Enhanced CT
    • CT Angiography (CTA) - cerebral, pulmonary, aortic, peripheral
    • Triple-phase liver CT
    • CT Urography
    • Multiphase renal CT
  • Specialized CT
    • High-resolution CT (HRCT) chest for interstitial lung disease
    • CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy)
    • Cardiac CT and calcium scoring
    • CT-guided biopsies and interventions

CT Scan Preparation

• Fasting: 4-6 hours fasting for contrast-enhanced CT
• Hydration: Adequate hydration recommended before and after contrast
• Kidney Function: Creatinine test required before contrast in patients over 60 years or with renal disease
• Allergy History: Inform staff of previous contrast reactions
• Medications:
  • Diabetic patients on metformin may need to stop 48 hours before contrast
  • Continue other regular medications
• Metal Objects: Remove jewelry and metal objects
• Pregnancy: CT not recommended during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

MRI Equipment and Capabilities

• 3 Tesla (3T) MRI Scanner
  • Superior image quality
  • Faster scan times
  • Advanced neuroimaging capabilities
  • Functional MRI (fMRI) capability
• 1.5 Tesla MRI Scanner
  • High-quality routine imaging
  • Claustrophobia-friendly wide-bore design
  • Suitable for most clinical indications
• MRI Examinations
  • Neurological MRI
    • Brain MRI (tumors, stroke, MS, epilepsy)
    • Spine MRI (cervical, thoracic, lumbar)
    • MR Angiography (MRA) - brain and neck vessels
    • MR Venography (MRV)
    • Pituitary MRI
  • Musculoskeletal MRI
    • Joint MRI (knee, shoulder, hip, ankle, wrist)
    • Whole spine screening
    • Soft tissue masses
    • Sports injury evaluation
  • Body MRI
    • MRI abdomen and pelvis
    • MRCP (biliary and pancreatic imaging)
    • MR Enterography (small bowel)
    • Prostate MRI
    • Breast MRI
  • Cardiac MRI
    • Viability studies
    • Cardiomyopathy evaluation
    • Congenital heart disease

MRI Safety and Contraindications

• Absolute Contraindications
  • Cardiac pacemakers (most types)
  • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs)
  • Cochlear implants
  • Metallic foreign bodies in eyes
  • Some aneurysm clips
• Relative Contraindications (case-by-case evaluation)
  • Pregnancy (first trimester - avoid unless essential)
  • Claustrophobia (sedation available)
  • Inability to lie still
  • Metallic implants (orthopedic hardware usually safe)
  • Tattoos with metallic ink
• MRI-Safe Devices: Many newer implants are MRI-conditional. Bring device cards for verification.

MRI Preparation

• No Fasting Required: Unless contrast or sedation planned
• Clothing: Wear comfortable clothing without metal (hospital gown provided)
• Remove All Metal: Jewelry, watches, hairpins, dentures, hearing aids
• Inform Staff About:
  • Any implanted devices
  • Previous surgeries
  • Tattoos or permanent makeup
  • Pregnancy or possible pregnancy
  • Kidney disease (if contrast needed)
  • Claustrophobia
• Scan Duration: 20-60 minutes depending on body part
• Sedation: Available for claustrophobic or pediatric patients

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Ultrasound (Sonography)

Ultrasound Services

• High-Resolution Color Doppler Ultrasound
  • Real-time imaging without radiation
  • Color flow and spectral Doppler capabilities
  • 3D/4D imaging for obstetric scans
  • Elastography for liver fibrosis assessment
• Abdominal and Pelvic Ultrasound
  • Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen
  • Kidneys, ureters, bladder
  • Uterus and ovaries (transabdominal and transvaginal)
  • Prostate (transabdominal and transrectal)
  • Appendix and bowel
• Obstetric Ultrasound
  • Early pregnancy scan (6-10 weeks)
  • Dating scan (11-14 weeks)
  • Anomaly scan (18-22 weeks)
  • Growth scans (third trimester)
  • Doppler studies for high-risk pregnancies
  • 3D/4D baby scans
• Vascular Ultrasound
  • Carotid Doppler
  • Venous Doppler (DVT screening)
  • Arterial Doppler (peripheral vascular disease)
  • Renal artery Doppler
• Small Parts Ultrasound
  • Thyroid and neck
  • Breast
  • Scrotal ultrasound
  • Musculoskeletal ultrasound
• Interventional Ultrasound
  • USG-guided biopsies
  • Abscess drainage
  • Pleural/ascitic fluid tapping

Ultrasound Preparation

• Abdominal Ultrasound: 6-8 hours fasting (empty stomach for better gallbladder and pancreas visualization)
• Pelvic Ultrasound: Full bladder required (drink 4-6 glasses of water 1 hour before)
• Transvaginal Ultrasound: Empty bladder
• No Preparation Needed: Thyroid, breast, scrotal, musculoskeletal scans
• Obstetric Scans: Moderately full bladder for early pregnancy; no preparation for second/third trimester

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Mammography

Digital Mammography Services

• Full-Field Digital Mammography
  • Superior image quality
  • Lower radiation dose
  • Computer-aided detection (CAD)
  • Immediate image review
• Screening Mammography
  • Annual screening recommended for women over 40 years
  • Two views per breast (craniocaudal and mediolateral oblique)
  • BI-RADS reporting system
• Diagnostic Mammography
  • Additional views for specific areas of concern
  • Magnification views
  • Spot compression
• Breast Ultrasound
  • Complementary to mammography
  • Useful for dense breasts
  • Differentiation of cystic vs solid masses
• Breast Biopsy
  • USG-guided core needle biopsy
  • Stereotactic biopsy

Mammography Preparation

• Timing: Avoid week before menstruation (breasts may be tender)
• No Deodorant/Powder: Can mimic calcifications on images
• Inform Technologist: About breast implants, previous surgeries, breast symptoms
• Compression: Brief compression necessary for optimal images (may be uncomfortable)
• Results: Available within 24-48 hours; urgent cases reported same day

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Pathology Services

Our Department of Pathology provides comprehensive histopathology and cytopathology services for accurate diagnosis of diseases, particularly cancers.

Histopathology

• Surgical Pathology
  • Biopsy examination (all organs)
  • Frozen section during surgery (rapid diagnosis)
  • Resection specimen examination
  • Margins assessment for cancer surgery
• Common Specimens
  • Gastrointestinal biopsies (endoscopic)
  • Breast biopsies and lumpectomy specimens
  • Prostate biopsies (TRUS-guided)
  • Skin biopsies
  • Lymph node biopsies
  • Liver biopsies
  • Bone marrow biopsies
• Special Stains
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for tumor typing
  • ER/PR/HER2 for breast cancer
  • PAS, Masson’s trichrome, reticulin stains
  • Congo red for amyloid
• Molecular Pathology (send-out)
  • EGFR mutation testing
  • ALK translocation
  • HER2 FISH
  • Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing

Cytopathology

• Exfoliative Cytology
  • Pap smear (cervical cancer screening)
  • Liquid-based cytology (LBC)
  • Sputum cytology
  • Urine cytology
  • Body fluid cytology (pleural, ascitic, CSF)
• Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC)
  • Thyroid nodules
  • Lymph nodes
  • Breast lumps
  • Salivary gland masses
  • Soft tissue masses
  • USG/CT-guided FNAC for deep-seated lesions

Report Turnaround

• Frozen Section: 15-20 minutes (intraoperative)
• Routine Histopathology: 5-7 days
• Cytology: 2-3 days
• Immunohistochemistry: Additional 3-5 days
• Molecular Tests: 10-14 days (send-out)

All pathology reports are reviewed by consultant pathologists before release.

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Cardiac Diagnostics

Comprehensive non-invasive cardiac testing for heart disease evaluation.

Electrocardiography (ECG)

• 12-Lead ECG
  • Routine screening and cardiac evaluation
  • Immediate interpretation for emergency cases
  • Computer-aided analysis with physician over-read
• Holter Monitoring
  • 24-hour or 48-hour continuous ECG recording
  • Detection of arrhythmias and ischemic changes
  • Automated analysis with manual review
• Event Recorder
  • Extended monitoring (up to 30 days)
  • Patient-activated recording for symptoms

Echocardiography

• 2D Echocardiography
  • Comprehensive assessment of cardiac structure and function
  • Valve function evaluation
  • Chamber size and wall motion
  • Pericardial effusion detection
• Color Doppler Echocardiography
  • Blood flow assessment
  • Valve regurgitation and stenosis quantification
  • Intracardiac shunts
• Stress Echocardiography
  • Exercise or pharmacological stress (dobutamine)
  • Inducible ischemia detection
  • Viability assessment
• Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE)
  • Superior imaging of posterior cardiac structures
  • Valve disease assessment
  • Source of embolism evaluation
  • Intraoperative monitoring

Cardiac Stress Testing

• Treadmill Test (TMT)
  • Exercise capacity assessment
  • Inducible ischemia detection
  • Blood pressure response to exercise
  • Risk stratification
• Nuclear Stress Test (tie-up with nuclear medicine center)
  • Myocardial perfusion imaging
  • Viability assessment

Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring

• 24-hour blood pressure recording
• Diagnosis of white-coat hypertension
• Assessment of nocturnal blood pressure patterns
• Treatment efficacy evaluation

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Other Specialized Diagnostics

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFT)

• Spirometry
  • Lung volume measurement
  • Obstructive vs restrictive pattern
  • Bronchodilator response
• Complete PFT
  • Lung volumes and capacities
  • Diffusion capacity (DLCO)
  • Flow-volume loops
• 6-Minute Walk Test
  • Exercise capacity in lung disease
  • Oxygen desaturation assessment

Endoscopy

• Upper GI Endoscopy
  • Esophagus, stomach, duodenum visualization
  • Biopsy capability
  • Therapeutic interventions
• Colonoscopy
  • Complete colon examination
  • Polyp detection and removal
  • Cancer screening
• Bronchoscopy
  • Airway visualization
  • Bronchoalveolar lavage
  • Biopsy and foreign body removal

Nerve Conduction Studies and EMG

• Peripheral neuropathy evaluation
• Carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis
• Radiculopathy assessment
• Myopathy and neuromuscular junction disorders

Sleep Study (Polysomnography)

• Obstructive sleep apnea diagnosis
• Sleep disorder evaluation
• CPAP titration
• Home sleep testing available

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Booking and Pricing

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Quality and Accreditation

• NABL Accreditation: Clinical laboratory accredited to ISO 15189 standards
• AERB Certification: Radiation safety certification for imaging equipment
• Regular Audits: Internal and external quality audits
• Equipment Maintenance: Preventive maintenance schedules for all equipment
• Staff Training: Continuous medical education and competency assessments
• Patient Safety: Radiation dose optimization and contrast safety protocols