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Welcome to your learning journey

System Design 101 is organized to help you learn system design concepts efficiently, whether you’re a beginner or an experienced engineer preparing for interviews. This guide will help you navigate the documentation and maximize your learning.

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Documentation structure

The documentation is organized into four main tabs:

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Learn tab

The Learn tab contains foundational knowledge organized into:
  • Getting Started - Introduction and how to use this guide
  • Core Concepts - APIs, databases, caching, cloud systems, and security fundamentals
  • System Architecture - Software architecture patterns, design patterns, microservices, and scalability
  • Infrastructure & Operations - DevOps, CI/CD, Kubernetes, Docker, and monitoring

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Guides tab

The Guides tab provides in-depth technical guides on:
  • APIs & Web - REST, GraphQL, gRPC, API gateways, load balancers, HTTP protocols
  • Databases - Choosing databases, SQL vs NoSQL, sharding, replication, CAP theorem, ACID
  • Caching & Performance - Redis, CDN, caching strategies, cache eviction
  • Security - Authentication, OAuth, JWT, HTTPS/SSL, encryption
  • Cloud & Distributed Systems - AWS services, scalability, distributed patterns, resilience
  • DevOps & CI/CD - CI/CD pipelines, Kubernetes, Docker, deployment strategies

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Case Studies tab

Real-world examples of production systems:
  • Tech Giants - Netflix, Uber, Twitter, Airbnb, Discord architectures
  • System Designs - Google Maps, chat applications, payment systems, stock exchanges

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Interview Prep tab

Resources for system design interviews:
  • System Design Interviews - Overview, how to ace interviews, common questions, algorithms
  • Fundamentals - Computer fundamentals, networking, data structures

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Learning paths

Depending on your goals, here are recommended learning paths:

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For interview preparation

1

Start with fundamentals

Begin with the Core Concepts section to understand APIs, databases, caching, and distributed systems.
2

Study real-world systems

Review case studies from the Case Studies tab to see how major companies designed their systems.
3

Practice common patterns

Work through the Interview Prep section, focusing on common system design questions and solution patterns.
4

Master the interview framework

Learn the structured approach to tackling any system design problem in an interview setting.
Focus on understanding the why behind design decisions, not just memorizing solutions. Interviewers want to see your thought process.

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For building production systems

1

Understand your requirements

Start with guides on choosing the right database, API architecture, and caching strategies based on your specific needs.
2

Design for scale and reliability

Study scalability strategies, distributed system patterns, and resilience patterns from the Guides tab.
3

Implement security

Review security guides covering OAuth, JWT, encryption, and secure system design best practices.
4

Deploy and monitor

Learn from DevOps guides on CI/CD pipelines, Kubernetes deployment, and observability (logging, tracing, metrics).

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For learning fundamentals

1

Computer fundamentals

Start with networking basics (TCP/UDP, DNS, OSI model) and data structures from the Interview Prep fundamentals section.
2

Web development basics

Learn how REST APIs work, what load balancers do, and how HTTP protocols evolved.
3

Database fundamentals

Understand database types, ACID properties, CAP theorem, and when to use different database systems.
4

Build up to advanced topics

Progress to distributed systems, cloud architecture, and scalability patterns as you gain confidence.

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Using the visual diagrams

Every guide includes visual diagrams to help you understand concepts at a glance. These diagrams are designed to be shared and referenced during discussions.
Our diagrams:
  • Simplify complexity - Break down intricate systems into digestible visual components
  • Show relationships - Illustrate how different parts of a system interact
  • Highlight patterns - Make common design patterns easy to recognize
  • Support memory - Visual learning helps concepts stick better than text alone
Tip: Save diagrams you find particularly useful. They make great references during design discussions and interviews.

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Using the sidebar

The left sidebar organizes all content by tabs and groups. Click on any tab or group to expand and see all available guides.

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Search functionality

Use the search bar at the top to quickly find specific topics:
  • Search for technologies (e.g., “Redis”, “Kubernetes”, “OAuth”)
  • Search for concepts (e.g., “caching”, “sharding”, “load balancing”)
  • Search for companies (e.g., “Netflix”, “Uber”, “Discord”)

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Code examples

When guides include code examples, they’re presented in multiple languages where applicable:
Python
# Example: Simple caching implementation
cache = {}

def get_with_cache(key):
    if key in cache:
        return cache[key]
    
    value = fetch_from_database(key)
    cache[key] = value
    return value
JavaScript
// Example: Simple caching implementation
const cache = {};

function getWithCache(key) {
  if (cache[key]) {
    return cache[key];
  }
  
  const value = fetchFromDatabase(key);
  cache[key] = value;
  return value;
}

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Best practices for learning

Take notes

Write down key concepts and draw your own diagrams. Active engagement helps retention.

Start simple

Begin with basic concepts before diving into complex distributed systems. Build a strong foundation first.

Practice explaining

Try explaining concepts to others or in your own words. This reveals gaps in your understanding.

Build projects

Apply what you learn by building small projects that implement the patterns and concepts you study.

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Common patterns you’ll encounter

Throughout the documentation, you’ll see these recurring patterns:
  • Trade-offs - Understanding the pros and cons of different approaches
  • Scalability - How to grow from hundreds to millions of users
  • Reliability - Designing systems that handle failures gracefully
  • Performance - Optimizing latency and throughput
  • Security - Protecting data and preventing unauthorized access

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Getting help

If you find errors or have suggestions for improving the documentation:
The best way to learn system design is to combine reading, visual learning, and hands-on practice. Don’t just read—try to design systems yourself and compare your solutions to established patterns.

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